How Do the Media Shape Public Attitude to Welfare Provision?

How Do the Media Shape Public Attitude to Welfare Provision? How do the media shape public attitudes to welfare provision? Research has shown that in previous spells of economic crisis that the public’s attitude to welfare provision grows more sympathetic (Taylor-Gooby, 2004, as cited in Clery, 2012: 2) and, therefore, during the current economic crisis within the UK, we would expect that this trend would continue. Clery (2012: 17), however, found that the public are more sceptical about the welfare system and that there is ‘less enthusiasm about public spending on all types of benefits and an increasing belief that the welfare system encourages dependence’. The media is widely cited as being a cause of this shift in public attitude to welfare provision. The ubiquitousness of the media gives potential to ‘educate, raise consciousness and shape public attitudes’ (Kinder, 1998 as cited in Bullock, 2001: 229) on issues, such as welfare, particularly when there is no personal experience or background knowledge of the issue. There are many news stories which highlight a high proportion of fraud within the welfare system, primarily focusing on single parents, unemployed and disabled. Benefit fraud has always been an issue but ‘there is very little evidence to suggest that fraud is a major problem.however, there is a widespread belief that the system is riddled with fraud’ (Spicker, 2011). Evidence from DWP (2014) suggests that official and claimant error is actually higher than benefit fraud within the UK (see Figure 1.1) and fraud by unemployed claiming Jobseekers allowance is at the lower end of the scale (Figure 1.2). Figure 1.1: Estimated percentage of expenditure overpaid due to fraud, claimant error and official error since 2005/06 Source: DWP Fraud and Error in the Benefit System: 2012/2013 (Great Britain) Figure 1.2: Which Benefit has the Most Fraud and Error Overpayment Source: DWP Fraud and Error in the Benefit System: 2012/2013 (Great Britain) Another frequent story within the British media is that of single mothers abusing the welfare system, thus labelling all single mothers and attaching a stigma of the ‘welfare queen who exploits the system to live a lavish lifestyle’ (Lipset, 1990, as cited in Bullock et al, 2001: 230). Wilthorn (1996, as cited Bullock et al, 2001: 234) demonstrated that welfare recipients are one of the most hated and stereotyped groups in contemporary society and a series on poverty by Parisi (1998, as cited in Clawson and Trice, 2000: 54) illustrated how the ‘media perpetuate stereotypes of the poor as lazy, sexually irresponsible and criminally deviant’. Larsen and Dejgaard (2013: 288) argue that such stereotypical images created by portrayal of welfare recipients in the media are difficult to remove and that they have a significant impact on the public determining whether they perceive claimants to be deserving or not. Stereotyping these groups ‘acts both as a justificatory device for categorical acceptance or rejection†¦to maintain simplicity in perception and in thinking’ according to Allport (1954; 1979: 192). Sotorovic (2000: 269) demonstrates, however, that journalists believe they accurately report on issues which are important and reflect the public’s point of view, however the opinion of Jones (2014: URL) contradicts this: ‘The Government and†¦the media have fed us a relentless, poisonous diet of â€Å"skivers† and â€Å"scroungers†, of the feckless and workshy hiding behind blinds, subsidised by you, the hard-working taxpayer, who have to get up in the morning and slog your guts out. It was the behaviour of those at the top of society which led to a surge in unemployment†¦ and hundreds of thousands driven to food banks in one of the richest countries on earth†¦. it is the behaviour of those at the bottom of society that has been scrutinised, poked, criticised, and demonised’. There are some claimants who take advantage of the system and live off the taxpayer, however the minority who do are thrown into the public’s eye through competitive truth-stretching headlines, selective reporting and pictures to provide ‘texture, drama and detailed images’ which illustrate the ‘taken for granted’ and the ‘goes without saying’ FIGURE 2: NEGATIVE VOCABULARY IN NEWSPAPER ARTICLES ON WORKING AGE BENEFITS: CONSISTENT TITLES, 1995-2011 Source: Turn2Us (2012: 41) (Clawson and Trice, 2000: 55), giving the perception that the UK has a culture of worklessness. The idea of ‘worklessness’ could be dispersed by the results of a survey conducted by the IFS on the UK benefit system where it was found that the majority of the welfare budget was paid to the elderly (42.3%), and only 2.57% paid to the unemployed (IFS, 2012: URL). Respondents in a poll carried out by the TUC wrongly believed that 41% of the welfare budget was paid to the unemployed (TUC, 2013: URL). There has been an increase in negative language used by the media over the past 10 years (Figure 2) with language referring to non-reciprocity/lack of effort escalating at the time of New Labour’s third term reforms and the Conservative’s ‘Broken Britain’ agenda. It could be argued that this marked a shift in the public discourse of welfare in the UK to an ‘essentially individualistic ethic of responsibility’ (Dean, 2004: 78). The negative language seen within media in the UK does not appear cross-nationally. Larsen and Dejgaard (2013) argue that this is due to institutional models of welfare and the UK’s move from a soft social democratic regime to a harsh liberal one which creates deservingness discussions in the media, often highlighting laziness as the cause of poverty which may be due to the liberal ideologies of individualism and responsibility. The study found that media within the contrasted Nordic social democratic countries tended to focus on welfare in a more positive light referring to the ‘deserving poor’, with no blame on the claimants. It would appear that the high levels of perceived undeservingness and the negativity towards the poor and welfare recipients may be due to the means-tested and non-contributory welfare system in the UK (Larsen, 2006, as cited in Larsen, 2013). Larsen (2013: 298) also suggested that political orientation may be reason for the negative depict ion within the media, particularly given the scandals surrounding the Murdoch Empire. At the time of the Conservative’s election manifesto, The Sun Newspaper publicly announced that they had lost faith in the Labour party and would support the Conservatives in the upcoming election (Brook and Wintour, 2009: URL) to fix the broken society which we live in. This support of one of the largest newspapers within the United Kingdom may have had a large impact on their reader’s opinion, shaping their belief that society was broken, and a change in government with subsequent welfare reform was required to make it better, rather than looking at the real broken Britain: the reasons for the economic crisis rather than focusing on the vulnerable, the reasons for high unemployment and the  £25b outstanding from wealthy tax dodgers. It leads to an argument whether the media should be able to publicly support any governmental party or whether they should remain impartial rather than inflict their political ideology onto the public. Liberal ideology and social class also had a strong influence in the reporting of two missing girls, Madeleine McCann and Shannon Matthews. Whilst both girls were around the same age, their different class backgrounds demonstrated media bias in the reporting of the two cases and there was belief amongst the media that Madeleine was worth more as she was from a middle class background and a substantially higher reward was offered for her safe return. On the other hand, Shannon’s disappearance was used as a political tool on ‘scroungers’ and ‘to fix broken Britain’ (Jones, 2012). The signs are that the media is and will become more dominated by the most privileged (The Sutton Trust, 2006) which will create further bias and inequality within the industry, therefore The National Union of Journalists need to toughen up, ensuring that journalists operate ethically and morally and not as they did in the Matthews case. The media has been the most widely cited cause of influencing public attitudes, it is however clear that there are other factors: ‘the image of claimants as social parasites was evident long before the press became a major factor influencing opinions; the rejection of the dependent poor goes much deeper’ (Spicker 1984, as cited in Turn2Us, 2012: 54). The media, policy and the public are interconnected and they can influence each other, however the media has the opportunity and the power to reach the widespread public through newspapers, television, social media etc. It stands that if the media continue to use their ideological-driven partisan reporting to fuel misconceptions rather than give facts, the era of welfare cuts and austerity will prolong with the eventual demise of the welfare state, as believed by almost 60% of voters in a survey by commissioned by Christian Think Tax, Theos (Press Association, 2014: URL). A healthy media would stand up to the powerful and we althy to change the myths and prejudices (Jones, 2014) and protect the vulnerable as the modern welfare state intended. Word count: 1478 References Allport, G W (1954/1979). ‘The Nature of Prejudice’. Cambridge, MA. Perseus Books. Brooke, S and Wintour, P (2009). ‘Sun turns its back on Labour after 12 years of support’, available at http://www.theguardian.com/media/2009/sep/30/sun-ditches-labour-for-tories [accessed 18 February 2014]. Bullock, H E (2001). Media Images of the Poor, Journal of Social Issues, 57(2): 229-246. Clawson, R A and Trice, R (2000). ‘Poverty as we know it: media portrayals of the poor’. The Public Opinion Quarterly, 64 (1): 53–64. Clery, E (2012). ‘Are tough times affecting attitudes to welfare?’, British Social Attitudes: the 29th report, available from http://www.bsa-29.natcen.ac.uk/downloads.spx [accessed 27 December 2013]. Dean, Hartley (2004). Popular discourse and the ethical deficiency of Third Way conceptions of citizenship. Citizenship studies, 8 (1). pp. 65-82. Department of Work and Pensions (2014). Fraud and Error in the Benefit System: 2012/13 Estimates (Great Britain), available at https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/271654/fraud-and-error-in-the-benefit-system-2012-13_estimates-160114.pdf [accessed 12 February 2014]. Institute of Fiscal Studies (2012). A Study of the UK Benefit System, available at http://www.ifs.org.uk/bns/bn13.pdf [accessed 16 February 2014]. Jones, O (2014). ‘Benefits Street: A Healthy media would stand up to the powerful and wealthy. Ours targets the poor and voiceless’, available at http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/comment/benefits-street-a-healthy-media-would-stand-up-to-the-powerful-and-wealthy-ours-targets-the-poor-and-voiceless-9046773.html [accessed 12 January 2014]. Jones, O (2014). ‘Owen Jones: My latest battle to stop the demonisation of people on benefits’, available at http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/comment/owen-jones-my-latest-battle-to-stop-the-demonising-of-people-on-benefits-9136123.html [accessed 18 February 2014]. Jones, O. (2012). ‘The strange case of Shannon Matthews’, Chapter 1 in Chavs. The demonization of the working class, London and New York: Verso. Larsen, C A and Dejgaard, T E (2013). ‘The institutional logic of images of the poor and welfare recipients: A comparative study of British, Swedish and Danish newspapers’, Journal of European Social Policy, 23(3): 287-299. Press Association (2014). ‘Voters gloomy on future of welfare’, available at http://money.uk.msn.com/news/voters-gloomy-on-future-of-welfare [accessed 20 February 2014]. Sotirovic, Mira (2000). Effects of Media Use on Audience Framing and Support for Welfare. Mass Communication and Society, 3(2-3): 269-296. Spicker, P (2011). ’How social security works: An introduction to Benefits in Britain’. Bristol, The Polity Press. The Sutton Trust (2006). ’The Educational Backgrounds of Leading Journalists’, available at http://www.suttontrust.com/public/documents/2Journalists-backgrounds-final-report.pdf [accessed 2 February 2014]. Trade Union Congress (2013). YouGov/TUC Survey Results: Welfare Poll, available at http://www.tuc.org.uk/sites/default/files/Welfarepoll_summaryresults.pdf [accessed 16 February 2014]. Turn2Us (2012), ‘Benefits Stigma in Britain’, available at http://www.turn2us.org.uk/pdf/Benefits%20stigma%20Draft%20report%20v9.pdf [accessed 27 December 2.014].

Golgi apparatus

IntroductionThe Golgi setup ( GA ) , besides called Golgi organic structure or Golgi complex and found universally in both works and animate being cells, is typically comprised of a series of five to eight cup-shaped, membrane-covered pouch called cisternae that look something like a stack of chapfallen balloons. In some unicellular mastigophorans, nevertheless, every bit many as 60 cisternae may unite to do up the Golgi setup. Similarly, the figure of Golgi organic structures in a cell varies harmonizing to its map. Animal cells by and large contain between 10s and 20 Golgi stacks per cell, which are linked into a individual composite by cannular connexions between cisternae. This complex is normally located near to the cell karyon. The Golgi setup processes proteins which are ever focused to the plasma are ever focused to the plasma membrane or endosome. It besides sorts assorted proteins within cysts and helps them to present throughout the cell via endoplasmic Reticulum. Eukaryotic cells are the topographic point where Golgi setup is found. They are besides found largely near heavy protein concentration. Plasma-B cells which secrete protein antibodies have outstanding Golgi setup. Proteins are transported by Golgi setup, but it is non wholly understood about the manner it does it. It is possible that the setup itself moves through cisternae patterned advance, or that proteins diffuse from one cisternae to the following. Golgi setup ‘s operation is the alteration of glycoproteins used in the building of the cell membrane. It takes simplified glycosylated proteins from the cysts and creates a diverseness of saccharide constructions on proteins for a assortment of utilizations. [ 1 ] Morphology The term morphology is by and large attributed to the German poet, novelist, dramatist, and philosopher Johahnn Wolfgang von Goethe ( 1749-1832 ) who coined it early in the 19th century in a biological context. Its etymology is Grecian: morph-means form, signifier, and morphology is the survey of signifier or signifiers. In biological science morphology refers to the survey of the signifier and construction of beings, and geology it refers to the survey of the constellation and development of land signifiers. In linguistics morphology refers to the mental system involved in word formation or to the subdivision. [ 3 ] The Golgi setup Golgi setup was one of the first organelles of all time observed because of it big organelle size and form. In 1897, an Italian doctor named Camillo Golgi investigated and developed Golgi setup. Many scientists did non believe that what Golgi observed was a existent organelle nowadays in the cell and alternatively argued that the evident organic structure was a ocular deformation caused by staining. The innovation of the negatron microscope in the 20th century eventually confirmed that the Golgi setup is a cellular cell organ. The Golgi setup is frequently considered the distribution and transportation section for the cell ‘s chemical merchandises. It modifies proteins and lipoids ( fats ) that have been built in the endoplasmic Reticulum and prepares them for export outside of the cell or for conveyance to other locations in the cell. The cysts fuse with the Golgi membranes and let go of their internally stored molecules into the cell organ. Once indoors, the compounds are farther processed by the Golgi setup, which adds molecules or chops bantam pieces off the terminals. When completed, the merchandise is extruded from the GA in a cyst and directed to its concluding finish inside or outside the cell. The alterations to molecules that take topographic point in the Golgi setup occur in an orderly manner. Each Golgi stack has two distinguishable terminals, or faces. The cis face of a Golgi stack is the terminal of the cell organ where substances enter from the endoplasmic Reticulum for processing, while the trans face is where they exit in the signifier of smaller degage cysts. Consequently, the Commonwealth of Independent States face is found near the endoplasmic Reticulum, from where most of the stuff it receives comes, and the trans face is positioned near the plasma membrane of the cell, to where many of the substances it modifies are shipped. The chemical makeup of each face is different and the enzymes contained in the lms ( interior unfastened infinites ) of the cisternae between the faces are typical. Proteins, saccharides, phospholipids, and other molecules formed in the endoplasmic Reticulum are transported to the Golgi setup to be biochemically modified during their passage from the Commonwealth of Independent States to the trans poles of the composite. Enzymes present in the Golgi lms modify the saccharide ( or sugar ) part of glycoproteins by adding or deducting single sugar monomers. In add-on, the Golgi setup manufactures a assortment of supermolecules on its ain, including a assortment of polyoses. The Golgi composite in works cells produces pectins and other polyoses specifically needed by for works construction and metamorphosis. The merchandises exported by the Golgi setup through the trans face finally fuse with the plasma membrane of the cell. Among the most of import responsibilities of the Golgi setup is to screen the broad assortment of supermolecules produced by the cell and aim them for distribution to their proper location. Specialized molecular designation labe ls or tickets, such as phosphate groups, are added by the Golgi enzymes to help in this screening attempt. [ 4 ] Shape of Golgi setup The Golgi setup looks like a stack of battercakes, and these tonss are called Cisternae. The cisteria is filled with cardinal liquid-filled country and made up of two – bed membrane. Normally 4 to 8 consist in a individual Golgi composite, but in some beings there can be every bit many as 60. The figure of Golgi composites in each animate being cell is typically between 10s and 20. The Golgi setup is non attached to any other cell organ, but floats freely in the cell. There are two terminals for each Golgi organic structure, one is cis face and the other is trans face. The cis face is closest to the atomic membrane and the endoplasmic Reticulum, while the trans face is oriented outward toward the plasma membrane of the cell. The Functions of the Golgi setup The primary maps of the Golgi composite are treating proteins synthesized in the endoplasmic Reticulum ( ER ) and directing molecules made in assorted countries of the cell to their future locations in or out of the cell. Some of the alterations made inside the Golgi complex include:Attaching polyoses to proteins to organize saccharidesTo cut protein into smaller active fragmentsIntegrating phosphates onto protein moleculesAddition of a sulfate group to moleculesIn add-on to modifying molecules made elsewhere in the cell, the Golgi setup besides makes a few of its ain merchandises. Some of the most of import molecules created in the Golgi composite are the Lysosomes, molecules that operate to digest dead or unneeded constituents in the cell, thereby maintaining the cell clean and free of dust, and complex sugars. [ 2 ]Mentionshypertext transfer protocol: //www.iscid.org/encyclopedia/Golgi_Apparatushypertext transfer protocol: //biology.suite101.com/article.cfm/the_golgi_apparatus # ixzz0Tql0t3N6hypertext transfer protocol: //www.absoluteastronomy.com/topics/Johann_Wolfgang_von_Goethehypertext transfer protocol: //micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/golgi/golgiapparatus.htmlhypertext transfer protocol: //books. google.co.uk/books? id=l4soWecaclsC & A ; pg=PA1 & A ; lpg=PA1 & A ; dq=what+is+morphology+ % 3F & A ; source=bl & A ; ots=LoFNJcVXo & A ; sig=fAAjFKqT6xqXWGMSnoFuTn0ENTw & A ; hl=en & A ; ei=pe3USuGuH9Kq4QaVo_XRDA & A ; sa=X & A ; oi=book_result & A ; ct=result & A ; resnum=4 & A ; ved=0CBkQ6AEwAw # v=onepage & A ; q= & A ; f=false

Gay marriage

Creating discrimination against same-sex couples. People of faith are the biggest advocates against same-sex marriages. With the belief that marriage is the foundation for procreation, same-sex couples, without the ability to have their own child, should not be allowed the right of marriage. Seeing that there are many rights and responsibilities associated with marriage, same-sex couples are denied these and are being discriminated against.Same-sex couples are denied the right to make decisions regarding their partner's health and medical treatment. This emotional trauma, as well as the inability to adopt one another's children, is experienced by same-sex couples every day. Although many states have adopted civil unions, they are separate and unequal. Same-sex marriage should be legalized to create equality and eliminate the injustice involving same-sex couples. The legalization of same-sex arriage has been a battle that has been raging since the late twentieth century.By not allowin g same-sex marriage, the United Sates is creating discrimination against same-sex couples. People of faith are the biggest advocates against same-sex marriages. With the belief that marriage is the foundation for procreation, same-sex couples, without the ability to have their own child, should not be allowed the right of marriage. Seeing that there are many rights and responsibilities associated with arriage, same-sex couples are denied these and are being discriminated against.Same-sex couples are denied the right to make decisions regarding their partner's health and medical treatment. This emotional trauma, as well as the inability to adopt one another's children, is experienced by same-sex couples every day. Although many states have adopted civil unions, they are separate and unequal. Same-sex marriage should be legalized to create equality and eliminate the injustice involving same-sex couples. Gay Marriage Gay Marriage BY gapping Gay Marriage: The Struggle for Equal Rights Gerald Priest Gene. 195 July 2, 2014 Lily David Since the age of dawn people have fought for equal rights, Blacks, Mexicans and women Just to name a few. In this day of age by now everyone should have equal rights but they do not. The gay and lesbian community is still struggling for equal rights. Gays and lesbian want rights Just like everyone else like marriage. Gay marriage is important to the gay and lesbian community to make them feel equal, have the benefits like others and be socially accepted. Equal Rights In February 2014, Arizona government introduced SHABBY.SHABBY is a bill that would allow business owners in Arizona to legally deny service to same sex couples by citing their religious beliefs. Governor Jan Brewer vetoed SHABBY, Brewer citied â€Å"unintended and negative consequences† (Broody, 2014 peg. 56). Equal rights is a given right, well not exactly. If someone falls into a certain group or c ommunity, like the gay and lesbian community, their rights are very limited. Marriage is one of those rights that the gay and lesbian community does not have. Marriage is a human right which should be allowed for everyone and not discriminate others. BenefitsBenefits plays a major role in gay marriage, not only for finances but medical wise. For example there is a gay couple, not married because the state does not allow it, and one of them becomes very ill and passes away. Well the other partner does not have any rights to claim his partner's body, his partner's family does. The partner can not even plan the funeral or even keep anything that was his partner's. Sometimes this is the case because their family never liked their child being with the same sex, so they punish their child's partner by doing so. So having that title as being married is very important.Most Jobs you have to be married to receive your partner's benefits but how if the state will not allow them to marry. In an article it states, â€Å"The Defense of Marriage Act by the Congress of the U. S. Prevents the same-sex partners from receiving benefits† (Passe, 2012 peg. 459-472). This is Congress denying benefits, their rights to gays and lesbians. Social Acceptance When society see two guys holding hands or even kissing, they call them names, throw things at them, give them dirty looks or even worst cases kill them. Now it is kind of different when people see two girls hold hands or even kiss.Society views says and lesbians as a disgrace, they look down on them like they are not even humans. Gays and lesbians Just want to walk and hold hands without the fear of society showing negative behavior. â€Å"Although sharply divided, public attitudes toward gays and lesbians are rapidly changing to reflect greater acceptance, with younger generations leading the way (Harms, 2011). † Gays and lesbians have seen a change in society, society is a bit more accepting than how it used to be s lowly but surely. Conclusion The gay and lesbian community has overcame struggles to get to where they are at today, but still going through more struggles.The importance of gay marriage is equal rights, benefits and being socially accepted. Gay marriage Creating discrimination against same-sex couples. People of faith are the biggest advocates against same-sex marriages. With the belief that marriage is the foundation for procreation, same-sex couples, without the ability to have their own child, should not be allowed the right of marriage. Seeing that there are many rights and responsibilities associated with marriage, same-sex couples are denied these and are being discriminated against.Same-sex couples are denied the right to make decisions regarding their partner's health and medical treatment. This emotional trauma, as well as the inability to adopt one another's children, is experienced by same-sex couples every day. Although many states have adopted civil unions, they are separate and unequal. Same-sex marriage should be legalized to create equality and eliminate the injustice involving same-sex couples. The legalization of same-sex arriage has been a battle that has been raging since the late twentieth century.By not allowin g same-sex marriage, the United Sates is creating discrimination against same-sex couples. People of faith are the biggest advocates against same-sex marriages. With the belief that marriage is the foundation for procreation, same-sex couples, without the ability to have their own child, should not be allowed the right of marriage. Seeing that there are many rights and responsibilities associated with arriage, same-sex couples are denied these and are being discriminated against.Same-sex couples are denied the right to make decisions regarding their partner's health and medical treatment. This emotional trauma, as well as the inability to adopt one another's children, is experienced by same-sex couples every day. Although many states have adopted civil unions, they are separate and unequal. Same-sex marriage should be legalized to create equality and eliminate the injustice involving same-sex couples. Gay Marriage Gay Marriage BY gapping Gay Marriage: The Struggle for Equal Rights Gerald Priest Gene. 195 July 2, 2014 Lily David Since the age of dawn people have fought for equal rights, Blacks, Mexicans and women Just to name a few. In this day of age by now everyone should have equal rights but they do not. The gay and lesbian community is still struggling for equal rights. Gays and lesbian want rights Just like everyone else like marriage. Gay marriage is important to the gay and lesbian community to make them feel equal, have the benefits like others and be socially accepted. Equal Rights In February 2014, Arizona government introduced SHABBY.SHABBY is a bill that would allow business owners in Arizona to legally deny service to same sex couples by citing their religious beliefs. Governor Jan Brewer vetoed SHABBY, Brewer citied â€Å"unintended and negative consequences† (Broody, 2014 peg. 56). Equal rights is a given right, well not exactly. If someone falls into a certain group or c ommunity, like the gay and lesbian community, their rights are very limited. Marriage is one of those rights that the gay and lesbian community does not have. Marriage is a human right which should be allowed for everyone and not discriminate others. BenefitsBenefits plays a major role in gay marriage, not only for finances but medical wise. For example there is a gay couple, not married because the state does not allow it, and one of them becomes very ill and passes away. Well the other partner does not have any rights to claim his partner's body, his partner's family does. The partner can not even plan the funeral or even keep anything that was his partner's. Sometimes this is the case because their family never liked their child being with the same sex, so they punish their child's partner by doing so. So having that title as being married is very important.Most Jobs you have to be married to receive your partner's benefits but how if the state will not allow them to marry. In an article it states, â€Å"The Defense of Marriage Act by the Congress of the U. S. Prevents the same-sex partners from receiving benefits† (Passe, 2012 peg. 459-472). This is Congress denying benefits, their rights to gays and lesbians. Social Acceptance When society see two guys holding hands or even kissing, they call them names, throw things at them, give them dirty looks or even worst cases kill them. Now it is kind of different when people see two girls hold hands or even kiss.Society views says and lesbians as a disgrace, they look down on them like they are not even humans. Gays and lesbians Just want to walk and hold hands without the fear of society showing negative behavior. â€Å"Although sharply divided, public attitudes toward gays and lesbians are rapidly changing to reflect greater acceptance, with younger generations leading the way (Harms, 2011). † Gays and lesbians have seen a change in society, society is a bit more accepting than how it used to be s lowly but surely. Conclusion The gay and lesbian community has overcame struggles to get to where they are at today, but still going through more struggles.The importance of gay marriage is equal rights, benefits and being socially accepted. Gay Marriage Gay Marriage BY gapping Gay Marriage: The Struggle for Equal Rights Gerald Priest Gene. 195 July 2, 2014 Lily David Since the age of dawn people have fought for equal rights, Blacks, Mexicans and women Just to name a few. In this day of age by now everyone should have equal rights but they do not. The gay and lesbian community is still struggling for equal rights. Gays and lesbian want rights Just like everyone else like marriage. Gay marriage is important to the gay and lesbian community to make them feel equal, have the benefits like others and be socially accepted. Equal Rights In February 2014, Arizona government introduced SHABBY.SHABBY is a bill that would allow business owners in Arizona to legally deny service to same sex couples by citing their religious beliefs. Governor Jan Brewer vetoed SHABBY, Brewer citied â€Å"unintended and negative consequences† (Broody, 2014 peg. 56). Equal rights is a given right, well not exactly. If someone falls into a certain group or c ommunity, like the gay and lesbian community, their rights are very limited. Marriage is one of those rights that the gay and lesbian community does not have. Marriage is a human right which should be allowed for everyone and not discriminate others. BenefitsBenefits plays a major role in gay marriage, not only for finances but medical wise. For example there is a gay couple, not married because the state does not allow it, and one of them becomes very ill and passes away. Well the other partner does not have any rights to claim his partner's body, his partner's family does. The partner can not even plan the funeral or even keep anything that was his partner's. Sometimes this is the case because their family never liked their child being with the same sex, so they punish their child's partner by doing so. So having that title as being married is very important.Most Jobs you have to be married to receive your partner's benefits but how if the state will not allow them to marry. In an article it states, â€Å"The Defense of Marriage Act by the Congress of the U. S. Prevents the same-sex partners from receiving benefits† (Passe, 2012 peg. 459-472). This is Congress denying benefits, their rights to gays and lesbians. Social Acceptance When society see two guys holding hands or even kissing, they call them names, throw things at them, give them dirty looks or even worst cases kill them. Now it is kind of different when people see two girls hold hands or even kiss.Society views says and lesbians as a disgrace, they look down on them like they are not even humans. Gays and lesbians Just want to walk and hold hands without the fear of society showing negative behavior. â€Å"Although sharply divided, public attitudes toward gays and lesbians are rapidly changing to reflect greater acceptance, with younger generations leading the way (Harms, 2011). † Gays and lesbians have seen a change in society, society is a bit more accepting than how it used to be s lowly but surely. Conclusion The gay and lesbian community has overcame struggles to get to where they are at today, but still going through more struggles.The importance of gay marriage is equal rights, benefits and being socially accepted.

Daniel Dennetts Darwins Dangerous Idea Evolution and...

Daniel Dennetts Darwins Dangerous Idea: Evolution and the Meanings of Life Science can give us as good a moral code as any religion. Or so Daniel Dennett claims in his book, Darwins Dangerous Idea: Evolution and the Meanings of Life. Dennett provides the tools to explain human morality, and inadvertently leads the way to the conclusion (which he does not share) that science can clarify how human morality came about, but not serve as a substitute or model for moral codes, religious and secular alike. It all begins with Dennetts assertion that everything- everything- is a product of an algorithmic process, which comes about as a result of random change. By definition these algorithmic processes, evolution included, are matter†¦show more content†¦Consider it exaptation. Can altruism- true altruism, not altruism among kin, not reciprocal altruism, but the fabled Good Samaritan altruism, exist as a product of evolution? There is no clear evolutionary advantage to helping those in the out-group that deals strictly with biology (which is not to say that there are not brands of altruism for which there is an evolutionary advantage). Those who accept only matter-first explanations of the world may be likely to argue that people do not, in fact, commit purely selfless acts. Others, including Mayr, allow that Good Samaritan-style altruism exists, but only as a product of culture. It would be hard to find an evolutionary advantage to many products of culture. Take monogamous males for an example. Of course there are plenty of them out there, just as there are plenty of people who commit acts of true altruism, but like altruism, monogamy is hardly the rule. While the question of altruism is by all means an important question, it may not take us where we want to go. The question Dennett then asks is, if morals cannot be derived from the value-free natural world, then from where? His answer is ...ethics must be somehow based on an appreciation of human nature- a sense of what a human being is or might be, and on what a human being might want to have orShow MoreRelatedDarwin’s Theory of Natural Selection and Social Darwinism Essay811 Words   |  4 PagesDarwin and Evolution are inextricably linked in the minds of most people who have had the opportunity to study them in basic biology. However, Darwins theories of selection and survival of the fittest have been applied to moral, economic, political, and other cultural aspects of society. Dennett briefly touched on some of the political and social ramifications of Darwins theories in the final chapter of Darwins Dangerous Idea. Other philosophers and thinkers have also adapted Darwins evolutionaryRead MoreEvolution Before Darwin1590 Words   |  7 Pagesmorning. We are a species who thrive on this thing called story, much the same way a bee thrives on honey or a poet thrives on words. As we continue to generate new stories and, by doing so, generate new meanings of the world, it is hard not to feel as if one is sinking deep into a quicksand of life, unable to make sense of all the sense, mainly because there is too much it. Just when you think youre going to choke on all of the suffocating information regarding the origin of the world, of species