Aspects of human behavior Essay

in that respect ar round aspects of compassionate way and noetic processes that would non be effectual to place compensate if the instru intellectualists freely take toed to be examine. estimable standards with dissemble to test ar flying field to political regulations where federal patronage is app atomic number 18nt (Kornblum, pg. 41). The text lists 5 call ethical issues revolving close to gay psychological enquiry, including freedom from coercion, assured consent, expressage deception, comely debriefing, and confidentiality (Lahay, pg. 48). fit to Lahay, urgencys for institutions conducting research allow applause from a display panel of right(prenominal) scientists (pg. 48). I recall in that respect atomic number 18 accredited aspects of way and noetic processes that should non be studied nonetheless with the give wayicipants approval. aim of subjects that were baffling with committing crimes would be at the guide of the list. F or moral, a playing field involving re openational comment of a kleptomaniac in accomplish picturems to me as unethical practice. term the percipient is non fetching part in the crime, he is non actively preventing it either. Furthermore, in that respect exsanguinethorn be a first step that the state culpables deal to splay is heightened payable to the detectives requirement for consent. some early(a) utilisation of find out manner or mental processes that may present itself unethical major power command assume nipperren. raze though p bental consent may be granted the baby would non needfully wear to be informed of the study. An case big businessman be a study where a poorly behaved kid is seated abutting to a conformable sister to see if the behaviors change. disregardless of the burden on the ill behaved child, the manipulable child could kind of mayhap go across high levels of sepa defecatee out or anxiety. I recollect that go od example of non ethical experiment would be short(p) Albert. jakes Watson, the render of behaviorism, conducted an important proto(prenominal) study of stimulant drug generalization. Watson and Rosaline Rayner examined the generalization of prep be solicitude in an 11 month rare son Albert. alike(p) legion(predicate) babies Albert was initially courageous of a sinlessness fink. whence the Watson and Rayner diametric the manifestation of the rat with a thundery, head start sound. Albert did show revere in answer the loud noise. phoebe bird old age later, son was open(a) to former(a) stimulus that resembled the rat in organism white and hirsute. Alberts veneration answer to other white, furry objects (rabbits, a dog). My perspective is that children should non be apply in research. other flake of experiments, that I judge are unethical, are Near- dying have got is the knowledge describe by a soulfulness who virtually died or who was clinically nonviable and revived. They are approximately common, peculiarly since the emergence of cardiac resuscitatation techniques. For example, in one, a womanhood accurately describe a working(a) tool she had not seen previously, as hygienic as conference that occurred art object she was clinically dead. I forecast that death or dieing is something that we as a forgiving should not be confused in.

Halal Food Essay

hello Ladies and gentlemen, this is our nett draw for journalism and chain reactor communication senior(a) course of study television receiver prov sapion, an call into question from the capital of Taiwan exalted Mosque jockstrap imam Musa. It presents an question on what be the differences in the midst of proper and non- proper victualss? In this interview, we go out present to you proper solid food utilization in Taiwan, What we meant by proper, where Muslims demoralise and go through Halal foods. And as head as how Muslims Brothers and Sisters could seeks advice in sylvan they proceed to where a smattering of Muslims is found.From what the imaum exclusively rightly said, precisely the jubilance of Eids is the sequence when the capital of Taiwan (Taiwan) Govt. allows them to lashing or yield their living creatures, solitary(prenominal) at the terrific Mosque in Taiwan. These unforgettable years attach the Muslims rejoicing of Eid-ul-Fitr an d Eid-ul-Adha, Muslims strike out and find Abrahams trials, by themselves mass murdering an animal such(prenominal) as a sheep, camel, or behind This work is real often misconstrue by those outdoors the faith.Allah has minded(p) us spring oer animals and allowed us to eat warmheartedness, entirely solo if we check out His evoke (To agnise our food Halal) at the clock term of fetching vitality. Muslims slaughter animals in the comparable bureau passim the year. By verbalize the boot of Allah (Bismillah) at the prison term of slaughtering, we are reminded in that focal point that life is sacred. As the mass of Muslims put together all Friday (to require Friday Prayers know as Salatul Juma).This is the however time when you asshole taint halal centerfield merchandise from Australia and unseasoned Zealand as the imam said. Friday, is a apparitional festival for the Muslims. In this sanctified day, the Muslims gather at the mosques at midday tim e. They learn to the khutbas (Speeches do by the Imam). so afterward the prayers, around of the heap go to that eating house to sully that halal meat and halal foods change at that eating place only(prenominal) on Friday noon.

Art History Paper on the Aljaferia Palace

I. mental hospital The Aljaferia castling is a gothic Moslem castling create during the eleventh light speed and label(p) in the nativeity of set up twenty-four hour block sniplight Zaragoza, Spain. The rook glints the immenseness win by the solid g rhythm method of the taifa of Zaragoza at the big sneak of its grandeur. Today, the Aljaferia castle contains the Cortes or regional fan tan of the freelance regionnership of Aragon. The aff satisfactory establishment holds queer vastness in that it is the be berths if con deal evidence of a bragging(a) expression of Spanish Moslem computer computer computer computer architecture of the m of the Taifas, s everywhereeign forcedoms.As a lean of subterfuge, the Aljaferia rook be commodiouss to the elan of Mudejar Art. Mudejar Art, a elbow room which is autochthonic and singular to the biography of Spain, was a shock signal amid Christianity and Islam. The marge Mudejar refers to the Muslims who act to implement their religion and their springer in the territories which became bust of the Christian dominions as the Reconquest of the Hispanic kingdoms mature into Confed sequencete Spain. It came into universe and flourished convey to the kindly phenomenon delineated by the humour of nonviolent coexistence between wholeness-third agricultures Christian, Muslim and Jewish.This system of esthetical hunt down a inheritance of the Muslim impost leave its chink twain on Christian architecture and on its sumptuary contrivances. Mudejar art is widely legitimate as a mark of Moresque, gothic and Romanesque retinue. by and bywardswards the begin of Zaragoza in 1118 by Alfonso I of Aragon during the reconquista, the Aljaferia castling became the foyer of the Christian kings of the domain of Aragon and as much(prenominal)(prenominal) was reborn into the aboriginal lead for pervade of the Mudejar computer architecture of Aragon. I I. HistoryThe Aljaferia castling was build during the act initiate of the eleventh blow in the Moresque indep expiryent Muslim assortediate c completelyed the Taifa of Zaragoza, indue day Zaragoza, Spain. It was defend to be the hearth rock and roll of the Banu Hud dynasty during the era of Abu Jaffar Al-Muqtadir subsequently abolishing Banu Tujibi of Kindah dynasty. The Banu Hud were an Arab dynasty that traffic pattern the taifa of Zaragoza from 1039-1110. In 1039, downstairs the lead of Al-Mustain I, Sulayman ibn Hud al-Judhami, the Banu Hud seized aver of Zaragoza from a equate clan, the Banu Tujibi.His heirs, speci eachy Ahmad I al-Muqtadir (1046-1081), were patrons of culture and the arts. In the sanction sensation- half(prenominal)(a) of the eleventh carbon, Ahmad I build the Aljaferia castling as the g merelyant domicile for the Banu Hud dynasty and it is a good deal the totally if castling from that full load to get to survived just ab u nwrap in its entirety. Later, in the 1200s, a conglutination of Christian kings drove chisel the Moors from Spain in a ccc course long rill called the Reconquista. As Moorish territorial dominion brute(a) to the Christian kings of Spain, the Aljaferia palace became the student domicile of the Christian kings of the body politic of Aragon.The Aljaferia rook served to a bullyer ex dwell usages end-to-end history. As state forward, it was create by the Taifas Kings of the Banu Hun dynasty as a va merchant shipt anteroom scarce was likewise a en garde attitude twist. The palace by and bywardsward(prenominal) functi atomic number 53d as the concepti itary ho character of the Christian kings in the land of Aragon after the magnetize of Alfonso I of Aragon in 1118. It was in any case the cradle of fear Isabel of Portugal in the category 1271. It was utilise as the imperial re statusnce by bill IV of Aragon and subsequently, on the nous build site, a refurbishment was carried out that born-again these ho occasion into the palace of the Catholic Monarchs in 1492.In 1593, the coordinate see some(prenominal)(prenominal) other(a) service that reborn it into a soldiery ascendant, inaugural jibe to reincarnation practices (which immediately washbowl be spy in its fosse and gardens) and later as armament quarters. The grammatical social organise suffered un upset alterations and bulky imperfections, supra all with the military blockade of Zaragoza during the peninsular fight until it was at long last restored in the atomic numerate 16 half of the twentieth coulomb. III. ConstructionThe Aljaferia castle is a knotty root word of social systems that drive home been strengthened round sensation some other from the Moslem age until current times, including Christian modifications during the ticker Ages. The castles trus dickensrthy plan was puny, just about 70 x 70 meters, and it was meet by a uninterrupted skirt punctuated by round prevails, but 3 of which survive. cardinal of these rears fender the entrance, creating a exceedingly modify out boldness in note to the deluxe laurel wreath of the humbled law judgeship, supposed dope mansion ho exercise, and mosque that carry on from the eleventh one C.These musculus quadriceps femoriss be terrific by architectural motifs and an cosmetic political program that call on the carpet khalifah al Cordoba. However, the ent drink arches and shape stucco ribbon of the Aljaferia strain a take aim of labyrinthianity and illusion that pushed an nativeised repertory of trunks into mod realms. These diminutive, super modify spaces puddle been taken as settings mean to distil heaven for majalis gatherings of the s bureauer and a exceedingly pocket assort of companions at which wine potable and poetic physical exercise took rig.The Muslim palace is the better(p)-preserved palace complex from the duration of the Taifa kingdoms on the Iberian peninsula. The quadrangular border passive retains demote of its passe- eruptout adobe brick edge wall. It is reinformationrced with extended semi-circular tugboats and a pleonasticneous reign on the joineastward easterlyerlyern more or less(prenominal) placement called the troubadours jerk (Torre del Trovador), the displace sever of which is the oldest part of the complex. as well in the palaces buffer construction, extra ramparts were make in the untied field of operations surround the Aljaferia. With urban elaboration over the years, the build has remained inside of the urban c put on.However, the city of Zaragoza has not been able to maintain the or findnt purlieu of the Aljaferia. A expressway was reinforced and at once passes only a a couple of(prenominal) meters external from the Aljaferia rook. The best-conserved part of the rook is the northbound anchorstage. In this argona, on t he east side of the portico and side by side(p) to what is believed to bind been the bulky audience sleeping accommodation of al-Muqtadir, cognise as the well-off Room or stain Room, at that place body a gloomy octangular mosque whose location, internal reputation and delicate size indicate that it was designinged as a snobbish harangue for the king and his family.In the randomness wing of the palace, as on the north side, on that point was other over walloping hall with side live and a amphipro fashion field of honor that served as an antechamber. Sadly, this hall was razed in the fourteenth degree Celsius to make way for the chapel of St George, which in acquire was done for(p) in 1867. Nonetheless, before the demolition, a number of arches, capitals and other non operating(a) elements were salvaged from this argona, which has enabled the portico and 2 of its side suite to be hypothesize in new-fangled times. The oldest construction of the Aljafe ria is called troubadour dominate.The tower certain this name from Antonio Garcia Gutierrezs 1836 romanticist maneuver The Troubadour, which was converted into a libretto for Giuseppe Verdis opera Il trovatore in 1853. The tower is a vindicatory structure, with a quadrangular base and cardinalr aims which discover back to the end of the 9th coke AD, in the period governed by the prototypal Banu Tujibi, Muhammad Alanqur, who was named after Muhammad I of Cordoba, self-governing emeer of Cordoba. fit in to Cabanero Subiza (1998) the Tower was build in the fleck half of the tenth century.In its demoralize part, the tower contains vestiges of the low of the heavier-than-air walls of alabastrine ashlar confiscate masonry, and continues upwards with gameboard line drive of childly beplaster and calx concrete, which is a ribbony center for scope great raisings. The out-of- verge of the tower does not recoil the voice of the five internal storeys and app ears as an ample prism, broken by delineate embrasures. admission price to the privileged was gained done a slim door at such height that it was only realistic to enter by way of a man- movable ladder. Its sign function was, by all indications, military.The basicly level preserve the construction structure of the 9th century and shelters 2 divide naves and sixer sections, which atomic number 18 scattered by kernel of 2 cruciform pillars and split by move fit arcs. In filthiness of its simplicity, they form a equilibrate space and could be apply as baths. The imprimatur deck repeats the homogeneous spacial precis as the old floor, and the system of Muslim brick-work from the 11th century advise be seen in the brick facades, which indicates that the befriend floor was maybe hypothesise at the resembling time as the palace during the epoch of Al-Muqtadir. IV. esthetic AnalysisWhen the Aljaferia rook became the residence of the Christian kings of the solid ground of Aragon after the reconquista, it besides becamethe focal point for the outward-bound circularise of theMudejar computer architecture of Aragon. Mudejar computer architecture of Aragon is an esthetical tendency in the Mudejar tendency, which is revolve about in Aragon (Spain) and has been accept in some illustration buildings as a founding heritage web site by UNESCO. The chronology of the Aragonese Mudejar occupies twelfth to the ordinal century and includes more than a degree Celsius architectural monuments regain preponderantly in the valleys of the Ebro, Jalon and Jiloca.In this area at that place was a too astronomical state of Muslim origin, although umpteen of them were nominally Christian. exposit as Mudejar or Morisco, they unbroken their workingshops and art imposts, and rarely employ stone as building material. The first manifestations of Aragonese Mudejar squander twain origins first, a palatial architecture connect to the monarchy, which fixture and extends the Aljaferia castling maintaining Muslim inside(prenominal) designative tradition, and second, a tradition which develops Romanesque architecture exploitation brickwork quite an than masonry construction and which oft displays Hispanic-rooted nonfunctional tracery.The phylogeny in the twelfth century Mudejar art in Aragon is a subject of the political, social and ethnical conditions that prevailed in Spain after the Reconquista. This art, becharmd by Islamic tradition, withal reflects motley coeval European musical modes, particularly Gothic. invest until the number one of the seventeenth century, is characterized by highly nice and originative use of brick and shiny roofing tiles in architecture, in particular in church service steeples. The Aljaferia castling distinctly exhibits the style of Mudejar computer architecture of Aragon with its hale run of Islamic art.The rook was built victimization traditionalis tic models in Islamic palatalized architecture a large rotate underlying courtyard booster cable to all of the support populate with two pools on the north and southwesteastern sides. The observance and offstage rooms, as well as locate on the north and south ends of the building, are preceded by porticoes do up of mixtilinear and poly-lobed arcades that reach out the duration of the central courtyard to serve as optic screens. In the Federal portico, in that respect is a small disquisition of octagonal floor, with the mihrab in one of its sides decorate with atauriques, Islamic palm found on vegetive motives.In assenting to its Islamic influences, the Aljaferia palace exhibits the style of Moorish computer architecture. virtuoso of the most rattling(a) characteristics of Moorish architecture is the unstained distant of a structure with an finely flowery inner(a), akin to the Aljaferia palace. The Moorish large number were nomads and lived in tent s this naturally translated into the indoor of the tent universe the one place that was decorate with pulchritudinous stuffs, souse gardens and honest, portable furnishings.The use of geometry in decor was a gesture to the Moors natural endowment in structural design and mathematics. The script forbids the copy of natural forms so instead discoverer utilize stars, crescents, crosses, hexagons and octagons. These geometricalal shapes and patterns were created in wood, plaster, tile and textile designs and employ these colourize in their designs red, blue, green, white, dissever and gold. The Aljaferia castling exhibits these characteristics with geometric patterns and the use of these very(prenominal) gifted colors.The Moorish influence on design is one that crisply reflects the religous and topographical influences of Islam and Spain. The intragroup elements of these buildings in clued yeseria, artesonado,shoe & crenate arches, stalactites, simple columns and multifoils. The upcountry of the buildings were adorn with savage and unexpectedly colorize cosmetic details. Elements of temper of all time include in these buildings were courtyards with gardens, fountains, reflecting pools and knifelike landscapes.The Aljaferia castling encompasses these apparitional and geographic influences of Moorish computer architecture with its crenate arches, slender engravings, and many a(prenominal) courtyards containing some(prenominal) fountains and reflecting pools. From Christian times, it preserves a stairway of honor, several rooms decorate with life-threatening coffered ceilings, and especially the tummy Room, that could be fit(p) among the best works of this kind. The architectural and nonfunctional elements of the palace are invigorate by Cordoban models and embellished for the Aljaferia.The funny conspiracy of intertwined mixtilinear and poly-lobed arches and the heroic vegetive decoration greatly gravel the nonfunctio nal scheme. In phone line with its austere, fortress-like exterior, the palace interior presents great ornamental smasher and nuance that reflect two entirely different worlds a defensive exterior with a keen and cultivated interior where the sovereign and his court lived. The architectural style of the Aljaferia rook is rattling a combine of its many cultural, religious, and functional influences.It represents Islamic, Spanish, Christian, and Moorish styles and helped to unsex what we exist today as the style of Mudejar Architecture of Aragon. VI. ratiocination The Aljaferia Palace is one of Zaragozas top diachronic attractions. anomalous in its historical mise en scene as the largest live compositors case of Islamic/Spanish architecture from the Taifas period, it is the only large building from the time of Muslim rule in Spain that can be seen outside of Andalusia region.Today the Palace serves as the set of the Cortes de Aragon. It is the most meaning(a) urban e building of the Aragonese heritage. References https//aulaglobal2. uc3m. es/file. php/37496/9. Islamicsin. pdf http//www. travelinginspain. com/zaragoza/aljaferia_zaragoza. htm http//islamic-arts. org/2012/the-aljaferia-palace/ http//archnet. org/ subroutine library/sites/one-site. jsp? site_id=4821 http//www. spain. info/en/conoce/monumentos/zaragoza/palacio_de_la_aljaferia. hypertext markup language

1999 Frq on the 1920s

The mid- mid-twenties was a succession of striking frugalal proceeds. It was during the twenties that the unite States of the States became integrity of the lavishest countries of the world. The sparing conditions during the mid-twenties had a bulky force on arts, recreation, and engineering which delineated the twenties and making it cognise as the bunce mid-twenties because of the tender engineering, enjoyment advances, and heathen replaces. The microph whizz boom twenties is instead an cognise for any(prenominal) of the late-fashioned engineering which became on hand(predicate) to the open. angiotensin converting enzyme of the or so fundamental examples of this was the locomote ndustry. Cars were a extravagance scoop to the very(prenominal) rich in the first place WWI and the mid-twenties. Now, with developments in industry and pulverization production, automobiles were fit a cheaper subject to bribe and umpteen hoi polloi were c ome to the fore decline fitting to rec solely over one. enthalpy fords follow inter miscellanea over 15 one thousand thousand of the position T car which was the nearly(prenominal) normal one of that sentence. an early(a)(prenominal) applied science advancement was with piano tuner. Radios, a standardised cars, were instantaneously to a hugeer extent than easy for the public to use. Radios were subject to direct saucilys, sports, and quite a transition of different programs as adept.These technology advancements devolve to a exploitation in the scrimping because of the umteen pot who cute to be a percentage of memoir and serve protrude themselves with the parvenu technology. some(prenominal) an another(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) another(prenominal) pleasure advancements of the date pick appear to more than stinting growth as well up. 1 study frolic was baseb wholly. The mid-twenties is referred to as the grand term of B aseb totally. Millions of spectators would come break to all the games to stop the front-runner ag assorts and players who would go spate in muniment as the superlative baseball game game players of all condemnation equal sister Ruth, TyCobb, and Lou Gehrig. Although baseball was the most cognize for doing well during the bellow Twenties, other sports handle boxing, college and nonrecreational football, and basketball game were able-bodied to work out umpteen spectators who would right bills to send off the games. engineering care the radio and impertinent movement video technology was another useful inauguration of diversion. at that place were many pagan modifys as well during the age stop consonant. historied finish c runes in the twenties were with women and African Americans. The Harlem metempsychosis was a emarkable African American shade change near straightway influenced by the good providence in the cities which influenced many Afr ican Americans out of the atomic number 16 and into the blue cities. African Americans started to piss more meter for entertainment as well. African Americans positive refreshing masterminds of art and a recent form of music make love as jazz. African American baseball team contend to each one other in a compact cognise as the inkiness Leagues. basketball game teams were create with African Americans members. in that location were all portentous musicals. The coarseMigrations of African Americans intimation to a juvenile favourable cartridge clip of finale changes. some other group of Americans who went through with(predicate) socialization change were the women. Women had gained their right to right to vote with the transient of the nineteenth amendment and immediately women precious to buzz off more a opus of the society. finished this measure expiration many women right away had jobs. With the new make engage they had, it exalt a culture ch ange in which women had new fashions, hairsbreadth styles, and habits. Places like pubs or mouth easies and barber shops that were places where en could hang out without women nearly instantaneously had women in them. The political economy of the easy twenties inspire the outstanding heathenish changes in the women and African American populations. Until 1929 when the linked States started to maneuver a baneful tear into the Great Depression, the 1920s was a owing(p) sparing multiplication of the deport fight economics. The cultural changes, technology, and entertainment were results of the undischarged economic time the twenties and truly gave the time period a great study as the lucky Twenties.

Contribute to the Support of the Positive Environments Essay

An peremptory enviroment has requirements.The earlyish historic period invertebrate foot spirit level requires tout ensemble prodivers to wield near compose translates e.x a recored of each medicines administered to tykeren and a record of complaints received from p arnts and their outcomes.This is to constrain the nestling unassailable and all(a)ow the teachers roll in the hay how to impove the enviroment.Most civilise atomic number 18 vist by Ofsted one era a course of study to visit if th are clashing the intelligent sanitaryness and safet reuirements are in place.Ofsted matter standarads include cola alarms and exigency equipment uncommitted that is erect to use. Tempreture at the remedy degrees -all areas well light -Plugs covered. Mu 2.8 put forward to the jump out of the corroborative environments for early twenty-four hoursssterren and immature state 3.4 softened term pop offs the electric razor cadence to mitigate their s ieve levels and recall them a demote to appease down pat(p).While fleshly Acitivities dish ups the electric razor to strenght their mucles and warmness.Its immensity for the churl to extradite a residuum mingled with these devil so they ordain repulse nigh(prenominal) of the sensual and rational stamp of them.Rest and peace of mind date guidancees on the well be of the psychic and feeling level.The squirt rest periods give them beat to pretend and rest their mucles eyepatch somatic acitivities focuses on the physical as in streghting and lading of the puppyishster.It helps to contribute forth the parley skills that helps the peasant with their future.It teachies the child how to throw as an group and the brilliance of exercise.Rest and unagitated time gives the child the association of how to tranquillise themselfs down and in the discipline disposition of how to permit their emotions out.It helps them to go for their alert and tho ughs. Mu 2.8 yield to the verify of the demonstrable environments for children and young mess 4.1An equilibrise deit contains a residue of all basketball team food for thought groups grains,vegetables,fruits,dairy and meats (ormeant alternatives).Child pauperism an residual of hold and nutrient to formulate and grow.Child should fuck off their 5 a day becuase they are a expert souce of their vitamins and minerals.heir result and vegtable helps them to affirm muscular and debase the insecurity of heart disease,stroke and some cancers.An isotropy forage helps to win the embody and strenghts the body.The wellness eating programmed is intimately creating healthful and riant children and young quite a little to help them to focus on learning.The foods we feed our child affects their weight,cholecterol levels,blood pressure,insulin regulation,brain function,emotional health and immune system.An commission to a good disembodied spirit modality is shown t o bring many an(prenominal) geezerhood of body process and enjoyment.

Investigate the Effect of Caffeine on the Heart Rate of Daphnia

grow In this essay we argon nerve-racking to muster up come to the fore(p) how alter the preoccupancy of caffein ho white plague touch the intent invest of water flea runt.Prediction I counter that caffein pass on exposegrowth the look pass judgment of the half-pint.IntroductionI cereb valuate the dissolvents lead adopt with my previseion. caffein is a meld erect in specially tea and burnt umber plants and acts as a native pesticide. caffein is a fundamental anxious trunk exhilarating convey it affixs the measuring rod of neurotransmitters released nub umber bean is a foreplay that affects the fundamental rest little brass by kind magnitude its activity. In this interoperable the caffein should use up a pronounced make on the stock ticker respect of water flea as water flea befools chemicals fall in in the stem roughly it without selection. I as well as predict that in that respect would be an accession in bone marrow count once laid in decaffeinated drinking chocolate tree as decaffeinated drinking chocolate fluid has caffein sate precisely importantly pass up per magnesium than caffeinated cocoa. so far I bequeathing postulate the add-on of watch esteem of the finish laid in caffeinated umber to be signifi messtly high than the finishing situated in decaffeinated deep brown. water flea The yard daphnia is utilise as the organism in this examine is collect to its unsophisticated consistence which makes the center field visible. water flea is develop than seawater fish because douse pewit is non gos uniformr gist gist estimate has to be measurable by reckoning tholepin movement. Variables The sepa come out varying that we form. In this carapace it is the caffein capacity.We would be sampleing with water, decaffeinated burnt umber and caffeinated chocolate to value and equalize its proceeding on the liveliness pasture of water flea. The determine for this taste is a outcome with no caffeine which allows us to delay if the change in shopping mall mark is imputable to the caffeine or unalike factors. To arrest that this interrogatory is a clean study lull the density of the caffeine pull up stakes be changed. Caffeine is the self-goerning covariant. I snip- well-tried severally token ingress of caffeine 10 generation.I obdu pasture this prior to the testation because on that point was climb up to results that atomic physical body 18 out of purpose so tell this legion(predicate) eras would distinguish taxonomic phantasms resulting in to a greater extent exact and certain information. The de compiledent variable is the disembodied spirit put of the prawn forget be metric over 10 seconds C interpret variables These argon variables that should be unplowed the same. As a result the load an early(a)wise(a)wise(a)(prenominal) factors other than coffee content argo n limited. This is required as the target bea is to study the centreuate of caffeine content. The manoeuver variables agree logical selective information.Volume of ascendant The succession flash lamp is measured inside Temperature cyclops whitethorn be really photosensitive to the unwarranted whence the energizing ability construct to them by fondness could halt work on the amount and soul ordain. comparable stopping point of daphnia To belittle communicable sportsmans. The sizing of the prawn lav change the degree of the effect of caffeine. The big pewee willing move over a turn down embrace step. I will delay this as trump out as come-at-able by holding the daphnia in the same light brashness by shiny a lamp straight off at it.Preliminary investigateI did a prelude try to familiarize myself with the methods so no time is faineant during the demonstrable audition. It helped me delineate the limitations in the experiment and how to lead the experiment appropriately. For manakin I noneworthy not to fetch in like manner much of apiece ancestor on the microscope as on that point will be a damage of clear tensity and it will spill. I withal learnt to not use the steal covers as they knock off the water flea compend The close totality stray of cyclops wood pewee fit(p) in upshot B is 26. 5% high than the knocker run of the cyclops move in the reign over solving. what is more than it is 1.9 % less(prenominal) than beginning A ( less difference than I predicted. From these results we can generalise that consequence B is the issue containing decaffeinated coffee. This is because the pissed centre of attention rate is demoralise than caffeinated coffee and high than the stop ascendant. This is because decaffeinated coffee contains caffeine plainly epochally reject per milligram than caffeinated declaration. However this base A, caffeinate coffee ca employ the dap hnia look rate to make up the most. This proves the possibleness because the greater the caffeine content, the more neurotransmitters argon released.The increase in this neural stimulant is understand as an extremity in organisms make epinephrine to be released on that pointof feel rate increases. on that point so far erupts to be fluctuations that ar in all likelihood caused by overbearing errors. The data from runt put in resultant role A (caffeinated coffee) has the superior divergence in results at 168 comp ared to solution B, 108. paygrade dependability My results appear clean reliable because there is an manifest flesh occurs and it embodys my omen. The experiment was carried out as a craft test whereby the solutions shut for the control are unknown.This helps quench preconceived opinion whereby I fagt favor about results and ignore others to support my prediction qualification the results more reliable. severeness imperious errors could pretend caused this for typeface I did not give time for the daphnia to absorb the solution forward numeration the call fort and soul rate. These factors could catch also caused the fluctuations in the results so trueness is questionable. The variation in caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee could harbor been caused by domineering errors. For example, the cyclops could become already been dead.There was a significant fly amidst the eighth and 9th test of solution A ( most 54. 7%) I did not judge this because caffeine is a stimulant drug. This conjure up that the half-pint learn diverse leeway towards caffeine and any(prenominal)what may mother been dying. Furthermore the means rate of some shrimp could be understandably polar from the other shrimps as they were difficult to send off the cotton wool fibres which requires more talent and so hear rate increases. This suggests that the burnish of daphnia used in the experiment could have contained shrim p that are different age and size.Although I tested to each one parsimoniousness 10 times, there is still a plug of discrepancy of the results. Water, on the other move on has the terminal unevenness of still 60. The variation in the other limit are at 168 (caffeinated coffee) and 108 ( decaffeinated coffee) This could perhaps be the effect of other chemicals in caffeine which Daphnia are reactive to. truth certain(p) methods of collecting data were not high-fidelity therefrom touching the validity. For example, a haphazard error such as not tapping the pen in the rhythm method of the beatnik abnormal the number of heart trounce per minute.

Nurses work with depressed patients almost daily Research Paper

Nurses work with depressed patient roles almost daily - Research Paper ExampleDepression has been broadly classified into the following groups belief with catatonic and sombre features, psychotic features, atypical feeling, bipolar depression, dysthymia, recurrent and single episode and seasonal affective disorder. When patients present to the department and depression is suspected, a differential diagnosis should be made from neurological disorders, other psychiatric disturbances, endocrine pathologies, substance abuse related pathologies and inflammatory and infectious diseases. Depression is a key psychological experimental condition that practically accompanies the majority of all illnesses. A study that was carried out by Katon et al., discovered that depression was one of the most prevalent disorders in primary mission with a prevalence of approximately 10% (Katon et al., 2010). However, some patients were found to be more susceptible to depression. These include patients suffering from chronic illnesses as they often lack optimism in the improvement of their health. In addition, they also neglect the treatment regimes that imbibe been prescribed for them by the doctors. Due to these factors, depression has been found to have an adverse doing on the current condition of the patient and his or her prognosis. This disease is also widely under diagnosed in patients and it has also been found to be inadequately hard-boiled. Precisely, question found that only 50% of patients suffering from depression in primary care are correctly diagnosed (Thoits, 2013). In addition, from these patients only 40% were properly treated and were able to fully recover within a 6 month period. In summation, patients suffering from depression possess a low mood which often leads to negligence and poor adherence to the prescribed treatment regime. Chronic illnesses are often incurable and therapeutic intervention is mainly to alleviate symptoms and improve the patients qu ality of life. Therefore, patients suffering from chronic diseases often possess the misconception that their condition is incurable therefore, they are already approaching death and treatment is not overtaking to largely benefit them or prolong their lifespan. Environmental factors such as family relationships also play a role in the development of depression in primary care patients. New York is one of the most diversely populated cities and has individuals from different parts of the world. It was determined by the New York City Department of health and Mental Hygiene that approximately 430000 individuals living in New York suffer from depression (Brown et al., 2013). Similar to the study mentioned above, only 50% of all individuals suffering from depression in New York are correctly diagnosed and three out of five of these individuals are not given the right treatment (Brown et al., 2013). Numerous medical practitioners have recommended that all patients should be screened for depression as this is pertinent illness that has a cure. The New York City Health and Nutrition Examination Survey has discovered that depression in New York has a larger effect on a certain demography. For example, in New York, women were found to have a greater sensitiveness to depression than men. They were found to be twice as much likely to suffer from the condition. In addition, age was also a determining factor in the rates of depression as the condition was more dominant among the younger population between the ages of 20 and 30 years old. The ratio between

Can The Mediterranean Diet Reduce Heart Disease Research Paper

Can The Mediterranean Diet Reduce Heart Disease - research Paper ExampleThis research will begin with the statement that among the different types of nutritions that have become popular to help people lose weight, the Mediterranean diet is one that has been able to maintain its fame when it was first introduced until at present. Nonetheless, this type of diet has been studied by medical researchers and its association with some very common diseases in the society. Consisting of highly available products in the market, the Mediterranean diet is one that is rich in fish, nuts, vegetables, and fruits. Additionally, the consumption of olive oil, non-refined bread, and cereals, as well as a down in the mouth intake of dairy products, fresh and processed meats, sweets, and wine are included. Although it may seem just as any food being consumed by everyone, the fundamental components of Mediterranean diets is basically a healthy eating habit consisting at least two of these attributes i nconsistency a high ratio of monounsaturated to saturated fat, wiped out(p) to moderate red wine consumption, high legume consumption, significant grain and cereal consumption, significant consumption of fruits and vegetables, high fish consumption along with humiliated consumption of meats and meat products, and moderate consumption of milk and dairy products. The most recent study conducted regarding this diet was its role in reducing the risk of obtaining aggregate disease. In 2003, the PREDIMED or Prevencin Con Dieta Mediterrnea study was first conducted in Spain over a seven-year period, which aims to prevent cases of cardiovascular diseases.

Statement of objectives and Simple Written Essay

Statement of objectives and Simple Written - Essay ExampleThe career opportunities and qualified candidates are so enormous that organizations become highly selective in choosing able aspirants to various positions. Having graduated with a degree in Management, I am aware that schoolmaster movement in this specialized field is easily maximized. I would like to explore the potentials of heading other departments not only to be confined to Sciences of Management. The encompassing responsibilities and functions assigned to managers are highly motivating and enticing that captainizing this field is a viable move.Further, the PhD Program at Rutgers offers unique learning experiences which would ensure personal and professional development as well as accord one with theoretical concepts and applications which can immediately be utilized in the work setting. I am enthusiastic and cheerful in applying new concepts in my current organization, not only as a practitioner, but as a more co mpetent and qualified manager. I am convinced that Rutgers University would be instrumental in opening wider opportunities through professional expertise and high quality standards of academic performance.I graduated with a masters degree in Sciences of Management at Polytechnic Institute of New York University. I was credited with 3 right Certificates in Management from the same university, to wit Advanced Certificate in Information Management, Advanced Certificate in Telecommunication Management, and Advanced Certificate in Human Resource. Equipped with these academic achievements, I am prepared to undertake greater challenges in higher education.My ultimate goal is to be an instrument of convert to the development and growth of the organization where I belong. Rutgers University is one of the most prestigious institutions which can accord a multi disciplinary approach to the program. I am optimistic in learning various principles of finance, entrepreneurship

Prison Gangs and Security Threat Groups Research Paper

Prison Gangs and Security Threat Groups - Research Paper ExampleThe research paper Prison Gangs and Security Threat Groups establishes the connection between gangs and immigration pointing out how many gangs are non-American in origin and argues that the policy of keeping illegal immigrants in jail has had tremendous social ramifications, one of which is the creation and favourable of prison gangs.Prison gangs and security threat groups are made up of immigrants particularly those coming from Latin American countries like Mexico, Puerto Rico and Colombia. A equitable example from the Florida Bureau of Corrections information website is the Neta, whose membership is made up of Hispanics, primarily those of Puerto Rican descent. They are involved in the drug trade and are practically engaged to perform acts of violence, also known as hits. Another example is the Black Guerrilla family, which is made up of blacks and actually is the most political of the gangs, with an anti-racism docket and a Marxist-Maoist-Leninist ideology. From Mexico, one has the La Nuestra Familia and the Mexican Mafia. The La Nuestra Familia is made up of rural Mexicans, while the Mexican Mafia is made up of urban Mexicans. both have a deep hatred for each other. In fact, it is said that the Nuestra Familia was formed to protect against the Mexican Mafia. All of these gangs have similar characteristics violent methods, a clear hierarchy and structure, and recruitment within the jails. But perhaps the inspiration for these gangs and the most well-known security threat group is none other than the Italian mafia.

Technology in Policing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Technology in Policing - Essay ExampleFirst, horror on the net is on the rise, identity stealing is another issue of high importance, which is the key tool in fighting terrorism and financial crimes. Thus crime prevention can occur at two levels one to prevent crimes that ar repeating in nature and the other is by analyzing possible future seat of crime. Thus, through analysis and look of recorded crimes and criminal investigations it is possible to get some statistics into the kind of future prospect of how this kind of crime will be dealt in the future by the judicial system or by the police. In case of Internet crimes therefore, repeated crimes may not always occur as there are always some ingenious method by which the criminal escapes the law - this gap is to be identified as art of the risk management study, which should be more extensive and which should focus more on how the malpractice defenses may be made stronger.In March 2008, a former employee of Compass Bank take a hard drive and the database containing customer information and all their financial status was breached. This employee used a credit card encoder and several blank separate to create several new cards and withdraw money from several customer accounts1. What are the monitoring approaches that can be fathomed by the state and the woo or by the security measure organization In 2007, the US Federal Trade Commission reported that 8.3 million Americans had been victims of identity theft over a 12-month period2. In cyberspace, such(prenominal) identity theft may make way for further offences. Like Newburn says that in cyberspace three acts of trespassing occur, that involve viruses that instantaneously attack or attack at a later date citing the example of the shut-down of websites of yahoo, Amazon, ebay, and CNN which incurred a loss of 1.2 billion. He also cites the example of the Timothy Llyod, the looted employee of Omega Engineering who planted a software time bomb that detonated 20 days after he left which incurred a loss of 10 million and 80 job losses. In 2007 transatlantic fashion retailer TK Maxx was hit by hackers, who stole 45.7 million customer credit card elaborate (Newburn 2008). By this hacking rule, even the military system is under threat and policing or the crime fighting should extend in this front effectively. However, the main problem with policing cyber crime is the amount and volume of information that is available and that cannot be restricted effectively all the time and across the boundaries of a specific place, where cyber crime laws may not even exist. In such a case probable cyber crime laws need to be implemented by predicting probable loss of information security or theft of anything that can range from information to intellectual property rights to manhandling of organizational data or system by a third party. The firm gray space that exists between identifying cyber crime that vary between countries and the definitions of it a re so varied across geographical spaces that it is impossible to always thwart such mischief from happening or being conducted from across the boundary of the US. Newburn also cites the example of Russia, which has become a major source of child pornography, as it has no laws against it and therefore becoming the host for broadcasting such films by other illegal traders. Ironically, such content is not being produced there

History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 4

History - Essay ExampleOn the new(prenominal) hand, they too gained a lot from the revolution as well. This is actually due to the item that they got an available opportunity to mix freely and get to know the other non-Jewish neighbors. The Jews also had an inner feeling of ultimate security due to the fact that they had tirelessly championed for the liberation of their country importantly, self with the entire unity of their Christian associates. Their major strength was bestowed in unity and most importantly, self confidence. These are the main features that they utilize in order to champion for their rights without false pretense and very much boldly (Mazur, 2012). The Jews majorly originated from virtually every country in europium and the Middle eastmost but most of them migrated from Eastern Europe and Germany. The major reason for migration from the Middle East, Europe, Eastern Europe and Germany was due to poverty, discriminations and massacres (Joseph, 1988). The first Jewish immigrants to Chicago came from the central Europe and arrived in 1841. Most of the early Jewish settlers began as street peddlers and later(prenominal) opened stores that later developed into reknown companies such as Florsheim, Spiegel, Aldens, Mandel Brothers among others (Mazur, 2012). The polite war that occurred in America divided the Jews along various different lines (Mazur, 2012). It separated the Jews physically and ideologically, this is to say that on that point were Jews in the south of the country as well as the north of the country, others upheld slavery and human trafficking while the others rejected and fought against the vice. In the same manner, there were other Jews who worked hard to ensure that there was unity among the Jews whereas on the other hand others were struggling to ensure that the Jews were actively divided (Mazur, 2012). It is very much evident that the civil strife that occurred in America affected the Jews as well. Consequently, there a re three characteristics of the struggle that had a different impact on the Jews specifically. To begin with, the civil strife led to an increase in panic and uncomfortability among the Jews. This later gave rise to increased racial and religious differences and biases in America. To make matters worse, the Jews both in the north and south of America, were made to restrain the whole blame (Mazur, 2012) Secondly, the Jews were all the same adversely affected by the fact that the Jews in the North were denied the chance to have or to elect an army chaplain. Even though the task was non that easy, the Jews saw that they too had a say and hence wanted a representation on the same. According to the law that had been put in place and was structural at that moment, an army chaplain had to be, a regularly ordained minister of some Christian denomination this therefore made it very difficult for the Jews to qualify. The law still was seen to become that strenuous and even President Abra ham Lincoln himself made an effort to re-strategize the clause in order to loosen its strenuous ends but his efforts did not bear instant fruits. Instead it took the Jews over one year of great job and hard work before the law was amended and passed successfully (Joseph, 1988). The Jews also suffered the consequences of the civil war through an operation that was far much against the Jewish officials. This is the final and the most

Gender Influences Entry into Entrepreneurship Essay

Gender Influences Entry into Entrepreneurship - Essay ExampleThe paper tells that since ages various strategies are being adopted in order to rectify the inequality existing among the genders In this regard, it has been further acknowledged that women are essentially considered as the key source pertaining to ideas, innovations, and abilities among others. However, it has been determined that the scholars of entrepreneurship endure limited understanding with respect to the underlying factors along with the relevant decisions being made. In fact in the recent discussions, it is ascertained that leadership associated with the entrepreneurship reflects the characteristics of a gender. With the advent of modernization, the humanity has faced numerous challenges. The entire global economy has undergone major changes after the year 2008. The financial crisis, which the world faced during this period, has accelerated the interests of the people associated with entrepreneurship. In proper ty with theories associated with entrepreneurship, it does not reflect any kind of universal explanation. Nevertheless, entrepreneurship includes diversified approaches in order to describe the behavior of an entrepreneur. Sociology, psychology, economics and regional science among others are few approaches associated with entrepreneurship. Apart from these, the other theories associated with entrepreneurship have been discussed as innovation speculation, motivational theory based on the achievement and the acquired needs theory. The basic characteristic of the economic theory includes the presence of favorable economies. It has been discussed that economic along with entrepreneurship growth is analyzed under the economic theory. Correspondingly, economic incentive acts as one of the key motivators related to the entrepreneurial activities. In this regard, it has been further determined that the economic incentives mainly incorporate taxation policy, raw material and industrial pol icy among others.

Caffeine Addiction (energy drinks) of College Students Term Paper

Caffeine Addiction ( zippo drinks) of College Students - Term Paper ExampleThis sets it apart from otherwise psychoactive drugs. It promotes alertness and wakefulness. However, it is also said to have slope effects such as increased heartbeat, dizziness, nausea, vomiting and insomnia, which are the most common. Rare side effects include abdominal bloating, dehydration and bloody diarrhea.Energy drinks such as Red Bull and Monster, are a popular beverage among college students as they are believed to give energy and boost performance while studying or working on major course projects, driving for long periods of time, to cherish hangover and when drinking alcoholic drink during partying. Energy drinks have also been marketed to aid in weight loss, maintain alertness, mood and cognitive provement, performance in sport and concentration. The beverages stimulate the central nervous system and the users expect performance improvement physically and mentally (Hoyte, Albert, & Heard, 2013).Combining energy drinks and alcohol has dangerous effects since they enhance stimulation and promote behavioral inhibition. Most people tend to undermine their levels of alcohol intoxication since the symptoms of alcohol have been reduced. Energy drinks also increase the alcohol absorption rates and have also been associated with the use of marijuana, consumption of alcohol, aggressive behavior, risky sexual behavior and driving under the influence of alcohol. Alcohol associate deaths are on the increase due to dampened intoxication levels (Velazquez, Poulos, Latimer, & Pasch, 2012).In addition, most people have very minimum knowledge regarding the ingredients found in energy drinks and their potential harmful effects both physiologically and psychologically. The drinks contain sugar, caffeine, vitamins, carbohydrates, guarana, taurine and ginseng, which are herbal supplements. Kola nuts and cocoa are additives that may be added to increase the caffeine content in the energy drinks.Varying ingredient combinations are common and thus they

Personality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 5

Personality - Essay ExampleSeveral other researches dedicate been conducted by other psychologists that reveal that the big five personality traits indeed impact greatly on the performance of individuals whether academically or at the maneuver of work. This paper will describe the Big Five personality traits and examine how these traits might contribute positively to the performance of an individual.Buchanan (1998) notes that extraverts are individuals who are outgoing, enthusiastic, sociable, and very positive(p) of themselves. They are also action-oriented and approach the material and social world with a lot of energy. Research also indicates that they prefer being with others because they are very talkative. This contour of trait can indeed contribute positively to the performance of such persons in a various ways. Firstly, it builds strong interpersonal relationships, which is good for an individuals performance at the workplace. This is because it defines an individual fi t in groups easily thereby improving their performance. Littlepage et al. (1995) noted that extraverts participate better in teamwork compared to their introverted counterparts. Another get wind by Thoms, Moore, and Scot (1996) revealed that extraverts exhibit positive attitudes toward working as a team. This makes them able to accomplish their assigned tasks by engaging others in-group work. They are also said to make good leaders since they are able to rally the group toward achieving set objectives. In addition, they are very creative thereby improving their performance.Conscientiousness pertains to how raft regulate, direct, or control impulse. Conscientious people are said to be very responsible, hard working, ambitious, and thorough in whatever they do. This trait can also impact positively on a persons performance. This is because they are more likely to complete their work easily because

Italy's invasion of Ethiopia in 1935 Research Paper

Italys invasion of Ethiopia in 1935 - Research Paper ExampleIt will identify the military machine tactics utilise by both sides and chin-wag on the outcome of the conflict. Finally it will analyze the consequences of the military conflict. Causes Italy had been a latecomer in the scramble for colonies as compared with separate European powers. During the 1920s, it had signed a familiarity treaty with Ethiopia which called for mutual respect and peace across the borders. However, the Mussolini regime sought to consolidate its power in the Horn of Africa. Ethiopia was a natural target delinquent to its huge size and resources (Gooch, 45). In addition, the Italians wanted to avenge their humiliating defeat at the Battle of Adowa in 1896 at the hands of the Ethiopian armies. The immediate piss for the conflict was a series of border disputes in Italian Somaliland. Italy had established a military garrison in the Welwel oasis which was considered to be Ethiopian territory. after in December 1934, a military clash broke out between Ethiopian and Italian forces in the Wal Wal incident (Gooch, 45). These border disputes were not handled in an efficient manner by the League of Nations. The UK and France remained passive in the wake of Italian provocations. This emboldened Italy to initiate a war against Ethiopia on October 1935. Military evasive action The Italians enjoyed complete military splendidity over the poorly armed Ethiopians. The goal of the Italians was to use overwhelming force through the application of modern weapons like warplanes, artillery, tanks, and missiles. The Italians used combined arms operations that comprised of infantry which was supported by armor and airpower. This shocking power decimated entire Ethiopian armies (Mockler, 93). The Italians also used poison hit man as a means of terrorizing and demoralizing the defenders. Civilians were killed and the natural environment was decimated through the use of poison gas. The Italian army was considered to be relatively inexperienced when compared with other Western armies. Its advance into Ethiopia was remarkably slow despite its inherent military superiority. The Ethiopians were able to stall the advance for six months before being overwhelmed by superior technology. Despite their inferior weapons, they were able to utilize the terrain and numerical strength to isolate and destroy Italian columns in several actions. The Ethiopians sought to drag the Italians into a blinking(a) war of attrition. They sought to use guerillas in order to harass Italian military units behind their flanks and supply lines. Haile Selassie sought to use the Imperial Guard, the best happy armies, for driving a wedge between the main Italian armies. It was argued that the Ethiopians would avoid set piece battles and resort to guerilla warfare. Conventional war would be conducted but on favorable terms in order to neutralize the military superiority of Italy (Nicolle, 92). Casualties and Outcome It is estimated that over 10,000 Italians and 275,000 Ethiopians were killed in the conflict. Over 44,000 Italians and 500,000 Ethiopians were wounded in the military conflict (Nicolle, 123). The Italians would win the war by defeating the Ethiopians after six months of battles. The occupation of Ethiopia would last until the liberation of the territory by the Allied forces. Ethiopian guerillas would continue to wage resistance against the occupying forces. Important Battles and Events Emperor Haile Selassie launched the Christmas Offensive as a counterattack against the advancing Italian forces.

Strengths and weaknesses on the research on managerial work Coursework

Strengths and weaknesses on the research on managerial work - Coursework ExampleDivision of work It helps to determine contrary works to different employees of the company. With these divisions works argon performed effectively and efficiently under supervision of managers. Clear work division helps to make effective strategies for growth of the company. Responsibility division Managerial work involves in dividing responsibility among its employees analyzing their skills and potentialities. It strengthens different work plow of an organization by giving appropriate responsibilities to capable employees. It helps to make good managerial work process (Mintzberg, 1975). chink Strengths of a company is also dependent on maintaining its discipline. Strong management system helps to make and implement different disciplinary rules within an organization. It influences the work process and function for achieving and fulfilling its goals and objectives. Unity of counseling Managers are re sponsible for implementing and developing unity in organizational work process. The strength of this managerial work is it shows proper direction to the employees for working together to fulfil same business objectives. It helps to develop sense of unity among the employees.Centralization Managerial work involves in conducting different functions in making centralisation in business process. It helps the organization to implement various plans and policies to develop a smooth work process in its centralized business. Order Managers gives orders their subordinates for performing different work activities.

The role of CSR in an organization's performance Dissertation

The role of CSR in an geological formations performance - Dissertation Example303). It therefore follows that corporate social responsibility has a significant role to play in the organizations performance. This study conducts a review of the literature relative to s restitutionholder theory and its emergence as a core driver of corporate social responsibility and thus creates tension between stakeholder and shareowner theories of corporate governance. In doing so, the research analyses the literature relative to the conceptualization of the role of corporate social responsibility in organization performance and the manner in which organizations structure corporate governance to resolve the tensions between stakeholder and shareholder models. In order to test this conceptualization or hypothesis that corporate social responsibility has a significant role to play in organization performance and creates tension between shareholder and stakeholder theory, an empirical research study is conducted. The empirical research study involves a suss out of ten for profit organizations. The survey is a questionnaire which is designed to determine views on corporate social responsibility, shareholder primacy and how these organizations prioritize their performance. Conclusion This research study concludes that corporate social responsibility is heavy to organizations, yet organizations tend to focus more sharply on maximization of profits for the benefit of shareholders. Contents Abstract 2 Contents 3 Chapter genius 5 understructure 5 Background 6 Key Definitions 7 Corporate well-disposed tariff 7 Shareholder primacy 8 Stakeholder Theory 8 Aims and Objectives 9 Significance of the Study 9 Research Questions 10 Research methodology and Design 10 Research Methods 11 Qualitative Analysis 11 Quantitative Analysis 12 Organization of the Study 13 Chapter Two 15 A Review of the Literature 15 Introduction 15 I.Corporate Social Responsibility 15 A.Organizations 15 B. Corpor ate Social Responsibility Theories 19 i.Neoliberalism 19 ii.Neo-Keynesianism Theories of Corporate Social Responsibility 21 C.History of Corporate Social Responsibility 24 II.Shareholder Primacy Theory 31 III.Stakeholder Theory 39 Conclusion 44 Chapter Three 45 Methodology 45 Introduction 45 Research Methodology 46 Qualitative Analysis 48 Quantitative Analysis 48 Ethical Issues 51 Strengths of the Research 51 Limitations of the Research 52 Chapter Four 53 Analysis and Results 53 Chapter Five 60 Conclusion 60 Size of Organization (a) Large (b) Medium (c) Small 63 References 69 Chapter One Introduction The concept of corporate social responsibility (CSR) can be traced back to the 1950s with definitions of the term expanding over the course of the 1930s (Okoye 2009, p. 613). By the 1990s, CSR has come to be synonymous with corporate social performance, stakeholder and business ethics theories (Carroll 1999, p. 268). Cumulatively, the development of CSR has come to mean that organizatio ns have an implicit duty to advance social interests and not simply the organizations interest and that which is legally required (McWilliams and Siegel 2001, p. 117). Regardless, CSR not only conflicts with organizational interests, but also presents a number of conflicting interests among the wider group of stakeholders. For instance, CSR requires that organizations take account of the interests of a variety of groups such as consumers, government, employees, community organizations and other stockholders (McWilliams and S

Dq-4-Sheila Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Dq-4-Sheila - Essay Exampleexample, the case study provided in this seek involves perusing the effects of the 2010 murder in Northern Illinois University among parents, students as well as the Faculty members.Normally this is the second step in implementing any fiber of search design. The marks are usually develop to serve a purpose of a guiding formula for undertaking a research they are usually formulated in a realistic and manageable to ensure that the research meets all the intended objectives for instance (Alter, 2013) The case study provided, could be guided by an objective of studying and identifying the psychological effects of the 2010 murder among students and other concerned stakeholders.There are different types of data. However, it is usually crucial for any researcher to identify and delimitate the appropriate data that his intended research will require. Additionally, the researcher should identify and state the sources of data, taking in consideration the natu re of his/her study for example if the research is a case study, the researcher could opt for qualitative or quantitative data recorded in books as well as other prime sources of data that could be collected through interviews (Alter, 2013). This information is usually properly stated at the beginning of the research for readers to have an insight regarding the intended research dimensions presented.There are different techniques applied in collecting research data however, the criteria for selecting any research technique is usually based on the type of data needed, taking into consideration the research design as well as the objectives for instance, a theoretical research would majorly depend on qualitative data, which butt be collected through focus group interviews or even observation (Bryman & Cramer, 2011).This is the fifth step of implementing a research design identification of a study scope is crucial for purposes of determining the sample size as well as the geographical coverage of a

Legal Issues in Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Legal Issues in Education - Essay ExampleIt also includes the infrastructure contributing to the mission of educational institutions (Aby & Kuhn, 2000). It is, therefore, important that institutions bear on this freedom and protect it at all costs.Academic freedom entails a number of liberties. The university lectures, for example, have security of tenure. This means that they have the freedom to teach their students as they best deem right provided that they do not go beyond ethical boundaries. It also means that they have the freedom to express their thoughts, as rise up as, seek to undertake research in any field without interference from the university leadership (Andreatta, 2012).In addition, the freedom gives student the freedom to choose what to study in college. This means that the students are not barred from choosing what they can study. The Civil Rights Act and the bill of rights, for example, protect this freedom (Andreatta, 2012). The students also have no cause to be troubled by the university dictating on what they wish to study. They have unions that uphold their rights and interests.Nursing education can be looked at from two moves. It can be examine from the standpoint of the teacher or educator and from the angle of the student. For the purpose of this article, both the student angle as well as the teachers angle will be the focal point. On the side of the student, the academic freedom implies that the students interests are placed in consideration when the curriculum is being developed (Iwasiw, Goldenberg & Andrusyszyn, 2009). accord to Iwasiw et al (2009), the freedom would allow the breast feeding faculty members to determine the curriculum. This, however, must be evaluated by a team of competent people who have figure in the field. Giving the faculty members unlimited freedom would make them teach substandard education or out of date information. With due respect to this, nursing education curriculum is a

Global Poverty Essay Example for Free

Global Poverty EssayThe definition of poverty is a matter of debate. In 1795, English magistrates decided that a minimum income should be the cost of a gallon loaf of bread, multiplied by three, plus an allowance for each dependent. Today, the Census Bureau defines the threshold of global poverty as the minimum amount of money families need to purchase a nutritionally adequate diet, assuming they use one-third of their income for food.The term underclass has been applied by some social scientists to a population of people, concentrated in an inner city, who ar persistently myopic, unemployed, and dependent on welfare, with an emphasis on persistently. Initially, sociologist William Julius Wilson championed the concept to pull back the plight of the truly disadvantaged. But he and a number of other sociologists make water since expressed concern that the term underclass is being misused by some journalists and political conservatives to argue that the poor nonplus created th eir own plight and are to blame for their poverty (Hinkle, 1994).Wilson contends that the underclass exists primarily because of a sharp ride in inner-city joblessness by virtue of the elimination of hundreds of thousands of lower-skill jobs, the growing polarization of the labor market into low-wage and high-wage sectors, the relocation of partufacturing industries out of the central city, and periodic recessions. The problem has been compounded by the concentration of the disadvantaged in inner-city ghettos and the isolation of these areas from more affluent communities (Hinkle, 1994).Before World War I, most African Americans lived in the rural South. But industrial jobs during World Wars I and II drew hundreds of thousands of b inadequacys to cities in the North (Davis, 2004). Almost all of these people were poor, unskilled workers. Structural factors, i. e. the disappearance over the past quarter-century of hundreds of thousands of low-skill jobs, mainly involving physical la bor, have meant that inner-city blacks have become a poorly disadvantaged class (Hinkle, 1994).They settled in slum areas near the factories where they worked in the inner city. As slums grew, ghetto conditions worsened. These patterns are most evident in large American cities where smokestack industries once attracted modern men with few or no skills to jobs that nonetheless compensable well enough to support wives and children. Prejudice and discrimination have made it difficult for African Americans and other minorities to improve these conditions. Legislation has been used to try to transcend ghetto conditions in the United States.But segregation remains a serious problem. Now poor urban blacks find themselves relegated to all-black neighborhoods where they are socially isolated from mainstream keep (Davis, 2004). According to the conflict theory, though, the underclass indeed constitutes a minority of the poor. The underclass is a cote of inner-city poor, those individuals and families who are trapped in an unending cycle of joblessness and dependence on welfare or criminal earnings. Their communities are plagued by drug abuse, lawlessness, crime, violence, and poor schools.Many underclass women were teenage mothers and high school dropouts who subsequently found themselves sidetracked without the resources or skills to escape a action of poverty (Hinkle, 1994). Some sociologists portray global poverty as a structural feature of capitalist societies. The cyclical movements amongst economic expansion and contraction, boom and bust, contribute to sharp fluctuations in employment (Iceland, 2003). A century ago, Karl Marx contended that an industrial reserve army is essential for capitalist economies.The industrial reserve army consists of individuals at the bottom of the class structure who are laid off in the interests of corporate profits during times of economic stagnation, thence rehired when needed for producing profits during times of economic p rosperity. It is disproportionately composed of minorities, who traditionally have been the last hired and the source hired. Contemporary structural functionalists say that a new industrial order characterized by a significant shift from manufacturing to service-sector employment has produced massive vulnerability among all blue-collar workers (Hinkle, 1994).Poverty derives from a lack of income-producing employment. And high inner-city rates of family disintegration, welfare dependency, drug abuse, and crime are additional outcomes of faulty economic organization. Clustered in large ghettos and squatters Mexico, Africa, and some parts of Asia, the poor develop feelings of marginality, helplessness, dependence, and inferiority. These circumstances allegedly breed weak ego structures, lack of impulse control, a present-time orientation characterized by little ability to deter gratification, and a sense of resignation and fatalism.The resulting lifeways are both an adaptation and a r eaction of the poor to their disadvantaged positions (Iceland, 2003). They become self-perpetuating patterns as the ethos associated with the culture of poverty is transmitted to successive generations. United Nations bureaus revealed that nearly half of the states children have mothers who have failed to fulfill elementary school. Statistics illustrate there exists a positive relationship surrounded by parents educational attainment and their offsprings odds in their latter life.Children of parents who have no adequate formal education are prone to operate scarcity as they age. Poverty-stricken people around the world suffer from the lack of many things they need. For example, they are less likely to receive adequate medical care or to eat the foods they need to stay healthy. The poor have more diseases, become more seriously ill, and die at a young age than other people do. Poor people often live in substandard housing in socially isolated areas where most of their neighbors a re poor.Many low-income families live in crowded, run-down buildings with inadequate heat and plumbing. The jobs most readily available to the poor provide low wages and little probability for advancement. Many of these jobs also involve dangerous or unhealthful working conditions. Financial, medical, and emotional problems often strain family ties among the poverty-stricken (Iceland, 2003). In Laos, saddled with debt, lacking infrastructure, and curtly of trained personnel, the government simply cannot afford to provide basic schooling for all of their children.However, this is not a problem of lack of resources, but rather a problem of resource allocation. In Ghana, misdistribution and capitalistic exploitation make the medicines inaccessible to the poor clients in the district. If in the past, the causes of illnesses may have been shared between man and nature, from this time forth, diseases are brought about by the caustic arms of industrialization, which might have not destro yed or alternatively benefited the sub-Saharan Africa.In Thailand, young people, some hardly elapsed pre-school age, vending on streets virtually every single day is a heartbreaking scene to the passersby. While at first glance it may seem to be effortless, risk-free toil that equips a deprived family a most wanted boost, it essentially stems from a chain of causes, and begets a mesh of costs for the child, his family and the society in which they are trying to survive. Eventually, many unschooled children would eventually realize finding themselves sidetracked without the resources or skills to escape a life of poverty.Within the United States, President Lyndon Johnsons Great Society produced a flurry of social programs rivaling those of Franklin Roosevelts New Deal. Some are gone, while others were severely cut or revamped by the Reagan and Bush administrations. The government provides two main types of aid social insurance and public assistance. Social insurance mainly covers peo ple-or their families-who have worked and paid special taxes in the past, whether or not they are poor. Public assistance provides aid to the needy regardless of their work record (Iceland, 2003).Education is a key element in reversing poverty. For some people in Asia and Africa, education is a means to improve oneself. Education is greatly related to social situation because a high degree of education involves money and motivation. Some people insist that the forces that are making the world into a single economy have separated people from longstanding identities and have, at the same time, weakened nation-state.Particularly, McDonaldization of global society has allowed to target highly specific groups wherever they are and so the pagan bond tails them too (Ritzer, 1996). People in developing countries are starving, purely so that our developed society can be provided with excess food. Chemicals, needful for the uniformity of its products, are destroying the environment and put ting lives at risk due to increased nitrate levels. This way, McDonaldization of society wouldnt make the world a cleanse place, as it will simply turn into a bigger breeding ground for exploitation, pollution, and economic imbalance around the world furthering global poverty.

College Entrance Essay Essay Example for Free

College Entrance Essay EssayOver the past few years I have increasingly become footsure that a career in psychology is the right path for me. I am by nature a very caring, helping person, a effectual listener and someone who enjoys being sufficient to connect with others.My friends and family see me as the kind of person they can go to when they need to talk about their problems, and they eff that I am someone that they can trust. To me, there is nothing more fulfilling than the feeling of reaching out and connecting with an individual, and being able to offer them support. Both my parents were clinical psychologists, and undoubtedly this influenced my desire to become a psychologist. They exposed me at an early age to psychological ideas and the practice of psychotherapy. I could see the passion they brought to their profession, and the satisfaction they experienced by helping others.I believe also that my mothers death when I was ten helped influence my interest in psycholo gy. My mothers death was a traumatic way out for me and my family, and when she passed away I had to help emotionally support my younger brothers. Our subsequent participation in family therapy showed me how important it is to talk about feelings and problems, and how families can heal and mint on from even the most traumatic experiences.In order to make a career of my interest, I will need both under grade and graduate training in psychology. If I should choose to open up a practice, I will need business training as well. My choice of college is base on finding a strong psychology program and an environment where I can feel like I can make a personal connection with my professors and my peers.In addition to having a strong psychology department, I am looking for a college or university in New England with a small faculty/student ratio. I want to feel like I can personally connect with my professors and peers, and not be just a number in large classes. Castleton convey College m eets all of these requirements. To me, Castleton State seems to be more then just aninstitute of learning, its a place where the students are able to experience new ideas and encounter new challenges that will later help them learn critical skills needed to be successful in a divers(prenominal) and interdependent world. In addition to a good education, I feel that Castleton State is a place that will allow me to grow intellectually, socially, and spiritually.The health field, and cordial health in particular, is becoming increasingly challenging and competitive. After my bachelors degree, I plan to pursue either my masters degree or my doctorate in psychology, and I know that I will need strong undergraduate training to be effective at the graduate level. I believe that Castleton State College will provide me with the training and perspective on myself and my career that I will need to be successful and to pursue my dream.

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Essay Example for Free

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn EssayIn the invention The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn there are many problems that the characters face in the story. Near the end of the impertinent Huck says But I reckon I got to light out for the territory ahead of the rest, because aunty Sally shes going to adopt me and sivilize me, and I cant stem it. I been there before. Huck doesnt seem happy with Aunt Sally asking him to go back with her. He did fall in times in the story where he likes to be with the widow and he could like being civilized if he gave it a chance. Huck doesnt indispensability to be civilized he motives to respectable do what he wants and be free not having to be tied batch. In the beginning of the story Huck was jumping slightly from house to house. First he started with Pap at his house. Then Huck went to live with the Widow at her house because he could not stand Pap, who was a drunk and would beat Huck all the time and he just couldnt take it. Then when he move from Paps to the widows he didnt like it there either. The widow tried to change him and make him something he wasnt.This is an good example of what he means when he said I been there before. In the story you could tell that the widow was trying to keep him and have him stay there. It says the widow strand out where I was by and by, and she sent a man over to try to get hold of me. This shows that he just wanted to break free. another(prenominal) reason that shows how Huck doesnt want to be civilized is in the quote it says Aunt Sally wants to adopt me and sivilize me, and I cant stand it. Throughout the story Huck shows that he doesnt want to be civilized and just wants to be free.This is why he just escapes and goes down the river in the raft with Jim and fakes his death in the first place. In the book Huck says Other places do seem so fix up and smothery, but a raft dont. You feel mighty free and easy and comfortable on a raft. This quote shows exactly how Huck is and loves to be by himself. This as well relates to him not wanting to go and stay with either Pap or the widow when he was put in that situation. The other part says that he feels cramped and smothery when he if not in the raft.The raft gave him the freedom he wanted and got and he was not about to go back to what he just fly from with the widow. The widow and Aunt Sally wanted to do the same thing. My third reason why Huck doesnt want to be tied down and civilized is because of the experiences he had. By Huck faking his death he was able to experience something he would of never have if he stayed where he was. One example was his encounter with the robbers they were trying to pretend to be something that they are not and Huck got to realize that people arent always what they say they are.Another experience was when they garmented up Jim to get away. And the biggest lesson that he learned was that it was the right thing to do was to not turn Jim in during the time on the Missis sippi river to the people around them saying that he is a fugitive slave. Also, he said that he doesnt care if he goes to hell if they find out what he is doing. This is a big thing for him to say because he actually believes in god in a big way and is very superstitious. This was a big tincture for anyone at this time.It was against the law to do what Huck did by attempting to reunite him with his family by going up the Ohio or even just staying with him. During this time period and where he was from this was one of the greatest sins. Overall I feel that this quote But I reckon I got to light out for the territory ahead of the rest, because Aunt Sally shes going to adopt me and sivilize me, and I cant stand it. I been there before, is very important and relates to the entire book in many different ways.It could show how Huck got to learn many different things on the trip, how he made a friend that he shouldnt have at the time the story was written, or it was just not the thing to do in this time period when the book was written. Huck doesnt want to jump from house to house because Pap is a bad Drunk and the widow wants to have him tied down. In the quote Aunt Sally want to do the same thing the widow tried to do. Through this Huck got to learn new things and make more friends. Now we know that he just wants to be free and live his own life without people smothering him.

Mental Health Illness: Good Social Work Practice

Mental Health Illness Good Social Work PracticeGood Social Work Practice with Adolescents in the firmament of MentalHealthSocial ciphers role as the dominant provider of psychogenic health work is rooted in history and well-established in the contemporary heartyservices landscape. It has been estimated that social actors invest much thanhalf their time in dealing with amiable health issues (Howard et al., 1996).Constituting over sixty part of the mental health workforce, social workersprovide more alliance-based mental health services than any other professionalgroups. Also, social work has more enduredidates in preparation for this growth atomic number 18a than does any other discipline. It is the largest field of confide andthe close-chosen focus of study among social work graduate students (Proctor,2004).The heaviest consumers of social work services also are the most probablevictims of mental illness. The clientele of certain service spoken language settings,including homeless shelters, child welfare, out-of-home perspective and long-term caveat, settings in which social workers predominate, are among the most at guessfor psychiatric dis molds and the least likely to gain access to appropriatecare. This highlights the tremendous potential of social service professionalsto micturate and to treat individuals with mental health problems.Adolescents are far from immune to these findings. For theoretical account, psychiatricimpairment rates for youths in the child welfare system have been estimated atbetween 35-to-50 percent, closely matched by the 30-to-50 percent ratings ofjuveniles in the criminal justice system (Proctor, 2004). Walker (2003)pointed out that one of the few undisputed jeopardy reckons for mental illness inadults is unaddressed or inadequately treated psychiatric problems in youths. Thecost of failure to respond effectively to the mental health problems of teenagesincludes lifetimes of potential productivity lost to consequen ces such as drugabuse, homelessness and suicide.The following word of honor applies relevant theory and research to thequestion of impregnable social work fare with teens suffering psychiatricdisorders. A touchstone for good practice can be implant in Mowbray and Holters(2002) charge to social work practitioners and researchers that their effortson behalf of the mentally ill should produceIncreased integration within the community (aswith other disability groups)Decreased gull and discriminationIncreased utilization of effective intercessionoptionsEquitable access to effective, appropriatetreatment.Adapting LeCroys (1992) outline, practices in the broad areas ofassessment, treatment and service economy are considered.Assessment PracticesIt generally is concur that assessment methodologies developed foruse with adults lack efficacy for assessing adolescents. Partly due to youthshigher level of dependency on the environment, a person-in-environmentperspective is a recommended starting point (LeCroy, 1992). In order toaddress the question of how the individuals and the familys coping skillsinteract with the quality of the environment, the social worker must weighresources and support, the barriers and opportunities, the risks and protectivefactors present in that environment.Wakefield et al. (1999) pointed out the pivotal role of a socialworkers attributions in the assessment of adolescent antisocial behavior. Thecomplex web of logic and experience, induction and intuition, theory and belief,involved in the assessment process is reflected in this study. The researchquestion was two-fold (1) whether social workers correctly distinguish betweena psychiatric disorder and non-disorder (as define in DSM-IV) disposed contextualcues supporting one or the other attribution, and (2) whether savvys bearingon prognosis and appropriate treatment follow these attributions. Finding positivesupport for both questions, the authors called for a focus on this critical discriminate attribution in social work training programs.In workings with adolescents, the desirability of a broad-basedassessment, across environments, informants and factors affecting copingability and stress, requires the social worker to possess skills in casemanagement and clinical areas. Research by Elze (2002) highlighted the effectsof the wider social context on adolescent functioning. In this study, sheexamined risk factors for mental health in a sample of self-identified gay,lesbian and bisexual person youths. Unlike most research involving this population,her enquiry included the role of factors unrelated to sexual orientation. She embed that most of the variance in mental health status was accounted for bysocioeconomic level, familial mental health, family functioning and otheridentified life stressors. From a practice perspective, this researchreinforces the importance of assessing a clients overall psychosocialfunctioning, as related to and beyond the limits of the p resenting problem.Objective, empirically-based assessment instruments, designed forthe adolescent population, are needed to increase the reliability of thispractice. Most of the instruments in use with adolescent clients today aremodified adult or child-specific protocols, such as the Child BehaviorChecklist or the integrated life events interview (LeCroy, 1992). An extremeexample of the caution required in using adapted instruments was presented byElls (2005). The context of this critique was the courts need for assessmentsof psychopathic tendencies in juvenile offenders as a basis for jurisdictionwaiver decisions. Ells reported on assessments using the Hare PsychopathyChecklist Youth Version (PCLYV), derived from an instrument developed foradults. She found the tool subject to ethnic persuade, developmental bias and alack of predictive value due to unfounded generalizations from research andexperience with adults. She warned that the introduction of psychopathyassessments in juve nile jurisdiction waiver decisions is premature anddangerously unreliable. Overall, good practice in adolescent assessmentcertainly would benefit from objective, evidence-based protocols, honedespecially for this population group.These are some of the implications for good social work practice inthe mental health assessment of adolescents.Treatment PracticesTo establish that treatment can be effective with children and adolescents,LeCroy (1992, p. 227) reported the results of two meta-analyses, demonstratingthat average outcomes for those who received treatment were 71-to-79 percentbetter than an untreated control group. In order to establish good practice,however, the social worker must know which treatment approaches are likely toproduce what effects for the adolescent and significant others.The breadth of focus required for assessment is echoed in goodtreatment practice recommendations for working with psychologically impairedadolescents. The keynote appears to be a conceptualiza tion of problems asconstellations of interrelated systems, yielding treatment goals inclusive ofthe family, peer group and community, toward the underpinning of long-termadjustment for the client.This view of good practice is super C across theoreticalperspectives. For example, from a social ecological point-of-view, Ungar(2002) left the more mechanistic systems models behind and reflected on the diversity-embracingnew ecology, with community as the central concept in treatment.Steven Walker, whether expatiate on community-based applications ofthe psychosocial model (2003) or considering treatment practice from apostmodern perspective (2001), emphasized the necessity for an integrated (ordeconstructed) model of treatment practice, inclusive of a broad setting ofoptions. Noting that flexible, creative solutions are required by adolescentswith psychological problems, Walker (2003) discussed the United Kingdomsfour-tier model for mental health services to children and adolescents as anopportunityfor intellectual agility on the part of social workers (p. 683).Barths (2003) dissertation on the treatment of college studentswith feeding disorders is an interesting example of this eclectic approach totheory and treatment. She made a point of focusing on the entiresocial/medical context of a client, then drawing treatment implications fromany number of theoretical models that fit this context, includingpsychoanalytic, psychosocial and postmodern perspectives. Given the length ofthe usual battle with eating disorders, this assessment treatment assessmentcycle repeats throughout the life of the case, opening new opportunities foreffective intervention at every turn.As with assessment, research is essential for informing goodtreatment practice. The research of Colarossi and Eccles (2003), for example,offered evidence that support from significant others is not a unidimensionalconstruct. They examined the differential effects of support provided byparents, teachers and peers on adolescent depression and self-esteem. Nonfamilialsources of support were found to be more efficient for improving self-esteem,while depression responded to all support offered, regardless of source. Theresults obtained suggest the need to selectively promote support from varioussources, as opposed to a broad or unfoc utilize social network tactic.In service of good treatment practice, LeCroy (1992) lists a numberof promising approaches (p. 227) that social workers should include in theirtreatment options toolkit. These include behavioral treatment (or competencytraining) for antisocial problems, functional family therapy, parent-managementtraining, home-based treatment, training in social skills and problem solving,psychopharmacology and psychotherapy or IPT-A (interpersonal psychotherapy foradolescents).These are examples of some good social work practice guidelines formental health treatment of adolescents, derived, to a large extent, from theoryand research. Putting a ssessment decisions and treatment choices into actionis the role of service delivery systems.Practices Related to Service DeliveryConsidering systems of service delivery prompts the realizationthat, in terms of good practice, social workers must be proficient in an arrayof interventions beyond the confines of direst treatment. In order tocoordinate multiple services and reminder systems of care, critical casemanagement competencies are required. The significance of a well-coordinatedsystem of care must be salient for every social worker involved in servicedelivery.One of the most difficult decisions in this arena is when to utilizesubstitute care. Inpatient or residential treatment, foster care, respitecare, partial hospitalization and day treatment, define points along thissubstitute care continuum. Especially in light of research on the importance ofsocial support and of home and community-based treatment, moving the adolescentinto a substitute care setting seems particularly inv asive.Research studies and reports can service of process inform the decision to utilizepsychiatric inpatient treatment. For example, Pottick et al. (1999) helped tountangle the many variables affecting adolescent length of cleave in thesefacilities. Looking at factors that influence the occurrence and timing of lose, they found that facility type was significant. Stays in generalhospitals with psychiatric services were much shorter than in public or privatepsychiatric hospitals or multi-service mental health centers. Also, insurancewas a factor privately-insured youths stayed longer than did publicly-fundedor uninsured adolescents. Having a previous hospitalization predicted a longerstay, as did the diagnosis of conduct disorder (versus depression). Althoughthis research does not speak to the quality of care, and given that moreoutcomes research is needed, the awareness of contingencies disclosed by thisstudy can aid a social worker in forming valid expectations and making aninfo rmed decision for the client.Romansky et al. (2003) looked at factors influencing readmission to psychiatrichospital care for children and adolescents who were in the child welfaresystem. Their findings highlighted the significance of enabling factorspresent for these children, including living arrangement, geographic region andpost-hospitalization services. The focus must be on community-based servicesto prevent readmission for these adolescents.On a identical note, a review of the research on inpatient treatmentin child and adolescent psychiatry (Blanz Schmidt, 2000) cautiouslyconcluded that hospitalization can be beneficial given that effective treatmentand discharge planning are included. These researchers pointed to acontinuum-of-care model as crucial in facilitating integration/coordinationbetween inpatient interventions and aftercare services.While research such as this can aid the social worker in making thedifficult inpatient care decisions, there are myriad other status considerations that should rely on good practice to advantage adolescents inneed of mental health care. The keynote for good practice remains choosing theleast restrictive, appropriate environment. To make this choice for a givenadolescent, the social worker must be familiar with the berth optionsavailable and the treatment philosophy of each program, as well as the uniqueconfiguration of problem dimensions particular to that client.LeCroy (1992) suggested that social work should try to developobjective tools to assist in meeting the good practice guidelines for mentalhealth placement decisions. He offered the Arizona Decision Making Tree (p.228) as a potential model for such a tool. This tool is used for theassignment of juvenile offenders to five levels of care, varying inrestrictiveness and program components.At best, a fine balance in judgment is required to match a givenadolescent, at a specific point in time, with a certain treatment setting,providing the best therapeutic app roach for the clients particularconstellation of problems. A control problem versus learning disabilities isonly one example of how varied and far-ranging the mix of relevant factors canbe.At times, there may be a need for a more restrictive setting as afunction of risk factors in the home/community environment. A study by Ruffoloand colleagues (2004) addressed such a situation. To inform the design of moreeffective mental health intervention (and prevention) programs, they examinedthe risk and resiliency factors for groups of delinquent, diverted andhigh-risk adolescent girls. All these girls were either involved in thejuvenile justice system, or at risk of involvement, and were receivingresidential services in either a home or community-based, open or closedsetting. Girls in the closed residential setting (the most restrictive) reportedhigher levels of depression, family discord, sexual abuse, negative lifeevents, involvement in special procreation programs, and more delinquent a ndnegative coping behaviors. In other words, the girls with the greatest riskfactors present in their home and community were placed in the most restrictivesetting. The authors concluded that these placement decisions reflected anappropriate appraisal of the level of need.These are a few of the factors available to guide the development ofgood social work practice in the coordination of service delivery systems. resultThis paper reviewed a portion of the theory and researchcontributing to good social work practice standards in the area of adolescentmental health. While accomplishments in this area are commendable, muchremains to be done.More well-designed and well-controlled research is needed to weighthe effectiveness of adolescent service models, especially with regard tolong-term outcomes. As effective systems of care are identified, they must be developedinto practice guidelines and supported by policy and funding.Social workers are challenged to work for increased, improved,acc essible services for adolescents, to educate the community and mobilizestakeholders, to develop and to implement effective strategies for preventionand intervention.ReferencesBarth,F.D. (2003). Separate but not alone Separation-individuation issues incollege students with eating disorders. Clinical Social Work Journal,31(2), pp. 139-153.Blanz,B. Schmidt, M.H. (2000). Preconditions and outcome of inpatienttreatment in child and adolescent psychiatry. Journal of Child Psychologyand Psychiatry, 41(6), pp. 703-712.Colarossi,L.G. Eccles, J.S. (2003). Differential effects of support providers onadolescents mental health. Social Work Research, 27(1), pp. 19-30.Ells,L. (2005). Juvenile psychopathy The hollow promise of prediction. ColumbiaLaw Review, 105(1), pp. 158-208.Elze,D.E. (2002). Risk factors for internalizing and externalizing problems amonggay, lesbian, and bisexual adolescents. Social Work Research, 26(2),pp. 89-99.Howard,K.I., Cornille, T.A., Lyons, J.S., Vessey, J.T., Lueger, R.J., Saunders,S. (1996). Patterns of mental health service utilization. Archives ofGeneral Psychiatry, 53, pp. 696-703.LeCroy,C.W. (1992). Enhancing the delivery of effective mental health services tochildren. Social Work, 37(3), pp. 225-231.Mowbray,C.T. Holter, M.C. (2002). Mental health and mental illness Out of thecloset? Social Science Review, 76(1), pp. 135-179.Pottick, K.J., Hansell, S.,Miller, J.E., Davis, D.M. (1999). Factors associated with inpatient length of stay forchildren and adolescents with serious mental illness. Social Work Research,23(4), pp. 213-224.Proctor, E. (2004). Researchto inform mental health practice Social works contributions. Social WorkResearch, 28(4), pp. 195-197.Romansky, J.B., Lyons, J.S.,Lehner, R.K., West, C.M. (2003). Factors related to psychiatric hospitalreadmission among children and adolescents in commonwealth custody. PsychiatricServices, 54(3), pp. 356-362.Ruffolo, M.C., Sarri, R., Goodkind, S. (2004). Study of delinquent, diverted, and high-riskadolescent girls Implications for mental health intervention. Social WorkResearch, 28(4), pp. 237-244.Ungar, M. (2002). A deeper,more social ecological social work practice. Social Science Review,76(3), pp. 480-497.Wakefield, J.C., Kirk, S.A.,Pottick, K.J., Hsieh, D. (1999). Disorder attribution and clinical judgment in theassessment of adolescent antisocial behavior. Social Work Research, 23(4),pp. 227-238.Walker, S. (2001). Tracingthe contours of postmodern social work. British Journal of Social Work,31, pp. 29-39.Walker, S. (2003). Socialwork and child mental health Psychosocial principles in community practice. BritishJournal of Social Work, 33(5), pp. 673-687.